Key Laboratory of Protected Agriculture Engineering in the Middle and Lower Researches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture; Laboratory of Animal Improvement and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
Key Laboratory of Protected Agriculture Engineering in the Middle and Lower Researches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture; Laboratory of Animal Improvement and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; College of Animal Science, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510000, China.
Poult Sci. 2024 Oct;103(10):103937. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103937. Epub 2024 Jun 12.
Egg turning in incubation is crucial to the development of embryos and hatching performance. We aimed to develop a high performance duck egg incubation technique by enlarging and changing egg turning angles. Increasing turning angle from 45 to 75° did not affect the embryo early mortality during the first 15 d of incubation, which ranged from 3.5 to 4.0%, but accelerated chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) development by 17 h, and significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the late mortality from 9.4 ± 0.98% to 5.31 ± 0.63%. As the result, fertile egg hatchability increased from 91.03 ± 0.97% to 94.64 ± 0.61% (P < 0.05), so was healthy duckling rate from 87.24 ± 1.17% to 92.08 ± 0.55% (P < 0.05), and duckling live weight from 60.74 ± 0.63 g to 63.15 ± 0.35 g (P < 0.05). Changing turning angle from 75°to 60°during incubation d 15 to 25 further reduced late embryo mortality to 3.88 ± 0.47 and increased hatchability to 96.58 ± 0.68%. This changing angle turning hatched ducklings exhibited the highest growth performance during rearing than those hatched by 45 and 75° egg turning. The enhanced growth rate was paralleled by upregulations of somatotropic axis genes mRNA expression levels of the hypothalamus GHRH, liver GHR and IGF-1 during embryo incubation and duckling rearing. In conclusion, a changing angle egg turning incubation technique, 75°in the first 15 d and 60°thereafter, can enhance CAM development, upregulate somatotropic axis genes expressions, and can maximally improve embryo livability, duckling hatchability and growth performance.
孵化过程中的蛋翻转对于胚胎发育和孵化性能至关重要。我们旨在通过扩大和改变蛋翻转角度来开发高性能鸭蛋孵化技术。将翻转角度从 45°增加到 75°不会影响孵化前 15 天的胚胎早期死亡率，其范围在 3.5%至 4.0%之间，但会使绒毛尿囊膜（CAM）发育提前 17 小时，并显著（P < 0.01）降低晚期死亡率从 9.4±0.98%至 5.31±0.63%。结果，受精蛋孵化率从 91.03±0.97%增加到 94.64±0.61%（P < 0.05），健康雏鸭率从 87.24±1.17%增加到 92.08±0.55%（P < 0.05），雏鸭体重从 60.74±0.63 克增加到 63.15±0.35 克（P < 0.05）。在孵化第 15 天至第 25 天期间，将翻转角度从 75°改为 60°，进一步将晚期胚胎死亡率降低至 3.88±0.47%，孵化率提高至 96.58±0.68%。这种改变角度的翻转孵化方式孵化的雏鸭在饲养期间表现出比 45°和 75°翻转孵化的雏鸭更高的生长性能。这种生长速度的提高与胚胎孵化和雏鸭饲养期间下丘脑 GHRH、肝脏 GHR 和 IGF-1 等生长轴基因 mRNA 表达水平的上调相一致。总之，一种改变角度的蛋翻转孵化技术，在最初的 15 天内采用 75°，此后采用 60°，可以增强 CAM 发育，上调生长轴基因的表达，并最大程度地提高胚胎成活率、雏鸭孵化率和生长性能。
