Acute effect of captopril on single kidney glomerular filtration rate in arterial hypertension.

Recent studies have reported that captopril can acutely induce a marked decrease of glomerular filtration rate in kidneys affected by renal artery stenosis, an effect detectable by scintigraphic techniques. Experience which confirms and extends this observation, obtained in five patients with renovascular hypertension, is reported here. For comparison, eight essential hypertensives and six patients with non-vascular unilateral renal diseases were studied. In each patient the ratio of glomerular filtration rate between the two kidneys was estimated during two consecutive scintigraphic studies with the glomerular tracer 99mTc-DTPA: in all renovascular patients captopril induced a marked decrease of glomerular filtration rate on the affected side, whereas negligible changes were observed in all other subjects. These results confirm that captopril may almost completely suppress glomerular filtration in kidneys affected by unilateral renal artery stenosis, an effect which may not be apparent clinically because of compensation by the other kidney, but which is scintigraphically detectable. Renal scintigraphy after captopril is easy to perform and non-invasive. It therefore seems to be a promising tool for the screening of renovascular hypertension.