School of Public Affairs, Pennsylvania State University Harrisburg, Middletown, PA, USA.
School of Public Policy, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Addiction. 2024 Nov;119(11):1998-2005. doi: 10.1111/add.16638. Epub 2024 Aug 6.
Since 1996, 38 US states have legalized access to cannabis (medical and/or adult-use recreational). We aimed to estimate the effect of three dimensions of state cannabis policy design - pharmaceutical, permissive and fiscal - on levels of overall, alcohol-impaired, occupant, light truck and pedestrian fatality rates.
Observational study of US states' overall, alcohol-impaired, occupant, light truck and pedestrian fatalities between 1994 and 2020.
The unit of analysis was at the state level, consisting of 50 states and 27 years of time series data, resulting in a total of 1350 state-year observations.
Fatality rates associated with alcohol-impaired, pedestrian, total occupant, passenger car and light truck fatality rates were obtained from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and normalized per 10 billion vehicle miles traveled. State cannabis policies are measured in three bundles (scales): pharmaceutical, permissive and fiscal.
The pharmaceutical bundle was associated with increases in all fatality rates [β = 0.145; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.116-0.173; P < 0.000]. The permissive bundle was associated with lower overall fatality rates (β = -0.319; 95% CI = -0.361 to -0.277; P < 0.000). The fiscal bundle was generally associated with higher fatality rates (β = 0.062; 95% CI = 0.043-0.081; P < 0.000), occupant (β = 0.070; 95% CI = 0.042-0.098; P < 0.000), light trucks (β = 0.049; 95% CI = 0.026-0.072; P < 0.000).
US state cannabis regulations influence traffic safety. Greater permissiveness in US state cannabis regulations does not appear to correlate with traffic fatality rate increases, but greater medicalization and fiscal operation does.
自 1996 年以来，美国 38 个州已将大麻（医用和/或成人娱乐用）合法化。我们旨在评估州大麻政策设计的三个维度——医药、宽松和财政——对整体、酒精相关、乘客、轻型卡车和行人死亡率的影响。
对 1994 年至 2020 年美国各州的整体、酒精相关、乘客、轻型卡车和行人死亡情况进行了观察性研究。
分析单位为州一级，包括 50 个州和 27 年的时间序列数据，共计 1350 个州年观察值。
行人、总乘客、乘用车和轻型卡车死亡率相关的死亡率从国家公路交通安全管理局的伤亡分析报告系统中获得，并按每 100 亿车英里行驶里程进行标准化。州大麻政策以三个捆绑包（尺度）衡量：医药、宽松和财政。
医药捆绑包与所有死亡率的增加相关[β=0.145；95%置信区间（CI）=0.116-0.173；P<0.000]。宽松捆绑包与整体死亡率降低相关（β=-0.319；95% CI=-0.361 至-0.277；P<0.000）。财政捆绑包通常与更高的死亡率相关（β=0.062；95% CI=0.043-0.081；P<0.000），与乘客（β=0.070；95% CI=0.042-0.098；P<0.000）和轻型卡车（β=0.049；95% CI=0.026-0.072；P<0.000）相关。
美国州大麻法规影响交通安全。美国州大麻法规的宽松程度似乎与交通事故死亡率的增加没有相关性，但更严格的医疗化和财政运作确实会导致这种情况。
