Lienen Tobias, Mateus-Vargas Rafael Hernán, Steinhoff-Wagner Julia, Richter Martin H, Maurischat Sven
Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany.
Department Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany.
Front Vet Sci. 2024 Jul 23;11:1445413. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1445413. eCollection 2024.
Data regarding the occurrence and virulence of (.) in wild living animals is rare. However, may carry a multitude of virulence factors and express resistance to several antimicrobial substances. Handling game meat may thus lead to serious infections or food poisoning. The aim of this study was to provide insights into the occurrence and characteristics of in wild ungulates from Brandenburg, Germany.
Nasal swabs of externally healthy-looking wild boars, roe, fallow and red deer were collected in hunts during season 2021/2022 and analyzed for by selective enrichment. Species were determined using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry and tested for phenotypic antimicrobial resistance. Whole-genome sequencing was conducted for genotyping, determination of virulence associated genes and analysis of phylogenetic relationships.
were recovered from approximately 8% of nasal swabs. However, the strains were only obtained from the sampled wild ruminants. isolates were associated with sequence types (ST) 1, ST30, ST133, ST425, ST582 and ST6238. Isolates of ST1 clustered closely together in the phylogenetic analysis. Genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) or SE-like (SEl) were found in 14/17 isolates. In particular, a gene was present in 12/17 isolates. Moreover, two isolates harbored a multiplicity of genes encoding SE or SEl. In addition, the toxic shock syndrome toxin encoding gene was detected in one isolate. This isolate was resistant to penicillin and cefoxitin and accordingly harbored the gene.
Wild ungulates intended for human consumption may carry potentially virulent . In one case, the close phylogenetic relationship of isolates indicates a possible intraspecific spread within a common territory. However, for others, the origin or the spread pattern can only be inferred. Handling of animals or their carcasses might contribute to staphylococcal infections in humans. Moreover, food poisoning due to SE producing strains may occur, if recommended hygiene practices are not applied during processing of game meat.
关于野生动物中（.）的发生情况和毒力的数据很少。然而，（.）可能携带多种毒力因子并对几种抗菌物质表现出抗性。处理野味肉可能会导致严重感染或食物中毒。本研究的目的是深入了解德国勃兰登堡野生有蹄类动物中（.）的发生情况和特征。
在2021/2022狩猎季节，采集外观健康的野猪、狍、黇鹿和马鹿的鼻拭子，通过选择性富集分析（.）。使用基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱法确定物种，并测试其表型抗菌抗性。进行全基因组测序以进行基因分型、确定毒力相关基因并分析系统发育关系。
约8%的鼻拭子中检出（.）。然而，这些菌株仅从采样的野生反刍动物中获得。（.）分离株与序列类型（ST）1、ST30、ST133、ST425、ST582和ST6238相关。在系统发育分析中，ST1分离株紧密聚集在一起。在17株分离株中的14株中发现了编码葡萄球菌肠毒素（SE）或类SE（SEl）的基因。特别是，17株分离株中的12株存在一个（.）基因。此外，两株分离株携带多个编码SE或SEl的基因。此外，在一株分离株中检测到编码毒性休克综合征毒素的（.）基因。该分离株对青霉素和头孢西丁耐药，因此携带（.）基因。
供人类食用的野生有蹄类动物可能携带潜在有毒的（.）。在一个案例中，（.）分离株的密切系统发育关系表明在一个共同区域内可能存在种内传播。然而，对于其他情况，其起源或传播模式只能推断。处理动物或其尸体可能会导致人类葡萄球菌感染。此外，如果在处理野味肉时不采用推荐的卫生措施，可能会发生由产SE菌株引起的食物中毒。
