Research Laboratory of Spectrometry & Micro and Nano Extraction, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran.
Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
Anal Chem. 2024 Aug 20;96(33):13522-13532. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02034. Epub 2024 Aug 7.
Wearable sweat sensors are reshaping healthcare monitoring, providing real-time data on hydration and electrolyte levels with user-friendly, noninvasive devices. This paper introduces a highly portable two-channel microfluidic device for simultaneous sweat sampling and the real-time detection of volatile organic compound (VOC) biomarkers. This innovative wearable microfluidic system is tailored for monitoring diabetes through the continuous and noninvasive tracking of acetone and ammonia VOCs, and it seamlessly integrates with smartphones for easy data management. The core of this system lies in the utilization of carbon polymer dots (CPDs) and carbon dots (CDs) derived from monomers such as catechol, resorcinol, -phenylenediamine, urea, and citric acid. These dots are seamlessly integrated into hydrogels made from gelatin and poly(vinyl alcohol), resulting in an advanced solid-state fluorometric sensor coating on a cellulose paper substrate. These sensors exhibit exceptional performance, offering linear detection ranges of 0.05-0.15 ppm for acetone and 0.25-0.37 ppm for ammonia, with notably low detection limits of 0.01 and 0.08 ppm, respectively. Rigorous optimization of operational parameters, encompassing the temperature, sample volume, and assay time, has been undertaken to maximize device performance. Furthermore, these sensors demonstrate impressive selectivity, effectively discerning between biologically similar substances and other potential compounds commonly present in sweat. As this field matures, the prospect of cost-effective, continuous, personalized health monitoring through wearable VOC sensors holds significant potential for overcoming barriers to comprehensive medical care in underserved regions. This highlights the transformative capacity of wearable VOC sweat sensing in ensuring equitable access to advanced healthcare diagnostics, particularly in remote or geographically isolated areas.
可穿戴汗液传感器正在重塑医疗保健监测，通过用户友好、非侵入性的设备提供实时的水合和电解质水平数据。本文介绍了一种高度便携的双通道微流控装置，用于同时进行汗液采样和挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 生物标志物的实时检测。这种创新的可穿戴微流控系统是专门为通过连续和非侵入性跟踪丙酮和氨 VOC 来监测糖尿病而设计的，它与智能手机无缝集成，便于数据管理。该系统的核心是利用碳聚合物点 (CPD) 和由儿茶酚、间苯二酚、 -苯二胺、尿素和柠檬酸等单体衍生的碳点 (CD)。这些点无缝集成到由明胶和聚乙烯醇制成的水凝胶中，从而在纤维素纸基底上形成先进的固态荧光传感器涂层。这些传感器表现出卓越的性能，提供了 0.05-0.15 ppm 的线性检测范围对于丙酮和 0.25-0.37 ppm 的线性检测范围对于氨，检测限分别低至 0.01 和 0.08 ppm。已经对操作参数进行了严格的优化，包括温度、样品体积和测定时间，以最大限度地提高设备性能。此外，这些传感器表现出令人印象深刻的选择性，能够有效地辨别生物相似物质和其他常见于汗液中的潜在化合物。随着该领域的成熟，通过可穿戴 VOC 传感器进行经济高效、连续、个性化的健康监测有望克服在服务不足地区全面医疗保健的障碍。这突显了可穿戴 VOC 汗液感应在确保公平获得先进医疗诊断方面的变革能力，特别是在偏远或地理上孤立的地区。
