Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley.
Tuck School of Business, Dartmouth College.
Psychol Sci. 2024 Sep;35(9):962-975. doi: 10.1177/09567976241260251. Epub 2024 Aug 7.
Across four studies ( = 816 U.S. adults), we uncovered a gender stereotype about dual pathways to social hierarchy: Men were associated with power, and women were associated with status. We detected this pattern both explicitly and implicitly in perceptions of individuals drawn from magazine's powerful people lists in undergraduate and online samples. We examined social-cognitive implications, including prominent people's degree of recognition by individuals and society, and the formation of men's and women's self-concepts. We found that power (status) ratings predicted greater recognition of men (women) and lesser recognition of women (men). In terms of the self-concept, we found that women internalized the stereotype associating women with status more than power implicitly and explicitly. Although men explicitly reported having less status and more power than women, men implicitly associated the self with status as much as power. No gender differences emerged in the desires for power and status.
在四项研究中（涉及 816 名美国成年人），我们发现了一个关于社会等级的双重途径的性别刻板印象：男性与权力相关，而女性与地位相关。我们在本科生和在线样本中从杂志的有影响力的人物名单中抽取的个体的感知中，明确和隐含地发现了这种模式。我们研究了社会认知的影响，包括知名人士被个人和社会认可的程度，以及男性和女性自我概念的形成。我们发现，权力（地位）的评价预测了对男性（女性）的更高认可和对女性（男性）的更低认可。就自我概念而言，我们发现女性更内化了将女性与地位相关联的刻板印象，无论是在隐含还是在显式层面上。尽管男性明确报告说他们的地位比女性低，权力比女性大，但男性在潜意识里将自我与地位和权力等同起来。在对权力和地位的渴望方面，没有出现性别差异。
