College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
J Environ Manage. 2024 Sep;367:121960. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121960. Epub 2024 Aug 6.
Substituting mineral fertilizer with manure or a combination of organic amendments plus beneficial soil microorganisms (bio-manure) in agriculture is a standard practice to mitigate NO and NO emissions while enhancing crop performance and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Here, we conducted a greenhouse trial for three consecutive vegetable growth seasons for Spinach, Coriander herb, and Baby bok choy to reveal the response of NO and NO emissions, NUE, and vegetable quality index (VQI) to fertilization strategies. Strategies included solely chemical nitrogen fertilizer (CN), 20 (M1N4) and 50% (M1N1) substitution with manure, 20 (BM1N4) and 50% (BM1N1) substitution with bio-manure, and no fertilization as a control and were organized in a completely randomized design (n = 3). Manure decreased NO emissions by 24-45% and bio-manure by 44-53% compared to CN. Manure reduced NO emissions by 28-41% and bio-manure by 55-63%. Bio-manure increased NUE by 0.04-31% and yields by 0.05-61% while improving VQI, attributed to yield growth and reduced vegetable NO contents. Improvement of root growth was the main factor that explained the rise of NUE; NUE declined with the increase of NO emissions, showing the loss of vegetable performance under conditions when denitrification processes prevailed. Under the BM1N1, the highest VQI and the lowest yield-scaled N-oxide emissions were observed, suggesting that substitution with bio-manure can improve vegetable quality and mitigate N-oxide emissions. These findings indicate that substituting 50% of mineral fertilizer with bio-manure can effectively improve NUE and VQI and mitigate N-oxides in intensive vegetable production.
在农业中，用有机肥或有机改良剂加有益土壤微生物（生物有机肥）代替矿物肥料来减少 NO 和 NO 排放，同时提高作物性能和氮素利用率（NUE），是一种标准做法。在这里，我们连续三个蔬菜生长季节进行了温室试验，研究了菠菜、香菜和小白菜对施肥策略的 NO 和 NO 排放、NUE 和蔬菜质量指数（VQI）的响应。策略包括仅使用化学氮肥（CN）、20%（M1N4）和 50%（M1N1）的粪便替代、20%（BM1N4）和 50%（BM1N1）的生物有机肥替代以及不施肥作为对照，采用完全随机设计（n = 3）。与 CN 相比，粪便降低了 24-45%的 NO 排放，生物有机肥降低了 44-53%。粪便降低了 28-41%的 NO 排放，生物有机肥降低了 55-63%。生物有机肥提高了 0.04-31%的 NUE 和 0.05-61%的产量，同时提高了 VQI，这归因于产量的增长和蔬菜中 NO 含量的降低。根生长的改善是解释 NUE 上升的主要因素；随着 NO 排放的增加，NUE 下降，表明在反硝化过程占主导地位的情况下，蔬菜性能会下降。在 BM1N1 下，观察到最高的 VQI 和最低的产量标度 N 氧化物排放量，这表明用生物有机肥替代可以改善蔬菜品质并减少 N 氧化物的排放。这些发现表明，用生物有机肥替代 50%的矿物肥料可以有效地提高 NUE 和 VQI，并减少集约化蔬菜生产中的 N 氧化物。
