Zhao Hanzhi T, Schmidt Ewoud Re
Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Suite 403 BSB, MSC510, 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Suite 403 BSB, MSC510, 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2024 Oct;88:102241. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102241. Epub 2024 Aug 6.
Evolution of the cerebral cortex is thought to have been critical for the emergence of our cognitive abilities. Major features of cortical evolution include increased neuron number and connectivity and altered morpho-electric properties of cortical neurons. Significant progress has been made in identifying human-specific genetic modifiers (HSGMs), some of which are involved in shaping these features of cortical architecture. But how did these evolutionary changes support the emergence of our cognitive abilities? Here, we highlight recent studies aimed at examining the impact of HSGMs on cortical circuit function and behavior. We also discuss the need for greater insight into the link between evolution of cortical architecture and the functional and computational properties of neuronal circuits, as we seek to provide a neurobiological foundation for human cognition.
大脑皮层的进化被认为对我们认知能力的出现至关重要。皮层进化的主要特征包括神经元数量和连接性的增加以及皮层神经元形态电特性的改变。在识别人类特异性基因修饰因子（HSGMs）方面已经取得了重大进展，其中一些因子参与塑造皮层结构的这些特征。但是这些进化变化是如何支持我们认知能力的出现的呢？在这里，我们重点介绍了最近旨在研究HSGMs对皮层回路功能和行为影响的研究。我们还讨论了在寻求为人类认知提供神经生物学基础时，更深入了解皮层结构进化与神经元回路的功能和计算特性之间联系的必要性。
