Kegeles S S
Prev Med. 1985 Nov;14(6):702-20. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(85)90068-4.
Analysis of the continuing controversy about the value and effectiveness of breast self-examination is provided and suggestions are made about the kinds of data needed to establish it's effectiveness. Research data about characteristics of women who perform breast self-examination regularly and those who do not and about the usefulness of mass communication, group efforts, and individual approaches to obtain regular and correct self-examination are assessed. Research and educational efforts focusing on six activities are needed: (a) obtaining regular and correct breast self-examination practice by women, (b) reducing delay by women after suspicious findings, (c) teaching physicians to do correct breast examinations, (d) reducing delay by physicians in referring suspicious cases to surgeons, (e) reducing women's delay after referral, and (f) teaching surgeons to do breast examinations correctly and reducing their delay in beginning treatment. Most of the research reported deals with regularity of breast self-exam, while some deals with correctness. The only intraindividual variables that have differentiated consistently among regular and less-regular BSE practitioners have been knowledge and confidence of ability. Very little research has been carried out on the other five activities and is therefore sorely needed. Suggestions for desirable educational efforts in each of these six areas are made.
本文对关于乳房自我检查的价值和有效性的持续争议进行了分析，并就确定其有效性所需的数据类型提出了建议。评估了关于定期进行乳房自我检查的女性和不进行乳房自我检查的女性的特征，以及大众传播、群体努力和个人方法在获得定期和正确自我检查方面的有用性的研究数据。需要围绕六项活动开展研究和教育工作：(a) 让女性养成定期且正确的乳房自我检查习惯；(b) 减少女性在发现可疑情况后的延误；(c) 教导医生进行正确的乳房检查；(d) 减少医生将可疑病例转诊给外科医生的延误；(e) 减少女性在转诊后的延误；(f) 教导外科医生正确进行乳房检查并减少其开始治疗的延误。所报道的大多数研究涉及乳房自我检查的规律性，而有些研究涉及正确性。在定期和不太定期进行乳房自我检查的从业者之间始终存在差异的个体内部变量只有知识和对能力的信心。针对其他五项活动开展的研究很少，因此迫切需要进行相关研究。本文针对这六个领域中理想的教育工作提出了建议。
