Xia Fei, Ren Yuanyuan
Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Front Neurol. 2024 Jul 24;15:1436238. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1436238. eCollection 2024.
Hearing loss (HL) is the third most prevalent condition, significantly affecting individuals and society. Recent research has explored the potential impact of nutrition, particularly caffeine intake, on HL. While some studies focus on coffee, caffeine intake should be assessed across all dietary sources. This study examines the association between dietary caffeine intake and HL.
Our cross-sectional study included 6,082 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants were divided into two groups based on their median caffeine intake: low and high. The study investigated two types of HL: speech-frequency hearing loss (SFHL) and high-frequency hearing loss (HFHL). Binary logistic regression analyzed the correlation between caffeine intake and HL, and a restricted cubic spline (RCS) model assessed potential non-linear associations. Subgroup analyses were also conducted.
High caffeine intake was associated with significantly higher rates of SFHL and HFHL compared to low intake (SFHL: 15.4% vs. 10%, HFHL: 30.5% vs. 20.6%, both < 0.001). Unadjusted logistic regression showed a higher likelihood of SFHL (OR[95%CI] = 1.65[1.41-1.92]) and HFHL (OR[95%CI] = 1.69[1.50-1.90]) in high caffeine consumers. After adjusting for confounders, high caffeine intake remained significantly associated with SFHL (OR[95%CI] = 1.35[1.09-1.66]) but not HFHL (OR[95%CI] = 1.14[0.96-1.35]). The RCS model indicated a linear increase in the risk of SFHL and HFHL with higher caffeine intake (non-linear = 0.229 for SFHL, = 0.894 for HFHL). Subgroup analysis revealed that increased caffeine intake was linked to higher SFHL and HFHL risks in participants under 65 years but not in those 65 years and older (SFHL: for interaction = 0.002; HFHL: for interaction <0.001).
Our study indicates a strong correlation between dietary caffeine intake and the risk of HL in American adults, particularly those under 65. High caffeine intake was linked to an increased risk of SFHL, but not HFHL, after adjusting for relevant variables.
听力损失（HL）是第三大常见病症，对个人和社会有重大影响。最近的研究探讨了营养，特别是咖啡因摄入量对HL的潜在影响。虽然一些研究聚焦于咖啡，但应评估所有饮食来源中的咖啡因摄入量。本研究调查饮食中咖啡因摄入量与HL之间的关联。
我们的横断面研究纳入了来自美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）的6082名参与者。参与者根据其咖啡因摄入量中位数分为两组：低摄入量组和高摄入量组。该研究调查了两种类型的HL：言语频率听力损失（SFHL）和高频听力损失（HFHL）。二元逻辑回归分析了咖啡因摄入量与HL之间的相关性，限制立方样条（RCS）模型评估了潜在的非线性关联。还进行了亚组分析。
与低摄入量相比，高咖啡因摄入量与SFHL和HFHL的发生率显著更高相关（SFHL：15.4%对10%，HFHL：30.5%对20.6%，均P<0.001）。未调整的逻辑回归显示，高咖啡因消费者发生SFHL（比值比[95%置信区间]=1.65[1.41 - 1.92]）和HFHL（比值比[95%置信区间]=1.69[1.50 - 1.90]）的可能性更高。在调整混杂因素后，高咖啡因摄入量仍与SFHL显著相关（比值比[95%置信区间]=1.35[1.09 - 1.66]），但与HFHL无关（比值比[95%置信区间]=1.14[0.96 - 1.35]）。RCS模型表明，随着咖啡因摄入量增加，SFHL和HFHL的风险呈线性增加（SFHL的非线性P=0.229，HFHL的非线性P=0.894）。亚组分析显示，咖啡因摄入量增加与65岁以下参与者的SFHL和HFHL风险升高相关，但与65岁及以上参与者无关（SFHL：交互作用P=0.002；HFHL：交互作用P<0.001）。
我们的研究表明，美国成年人饮食中咖啡因摄入量与HL风险之间存在强相关性，尤其是65岁以下的成年人。在调整相关变量后，高咖啡因摄入量与SFHL风险增加相关，但与HFHL无关。
