Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Pediatric Department, "V. Buzzi" Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy.
J Oral Rehabil. 2024 Nov;51(11):2345-2353. doi: 10.1111/joor.13838. Epub 2024 Aug 8.
Masticatory function seems to play a role in the aetiology of obesity. However, literature on the association between oral myofunctional status and overweight and obesity in children and adolescents is scarce and contrasting.
To compare masticatory performance, orofacial myofunctional status and tongue strength and endurance between children and adolescents with overweight and obesity and those with normal weight.
Thirty children and adolescents with overweight and obesity and 30 subjects with normal weight matched for age and sex were recruited. All subjects were evaluated with the Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids in Children (TOMASS-C) for masticatory performance and with the Italian Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation with Scores (I-OMES) for the orofacial myofunctional status. Anterior and posterior maximum tongue pressures and tongue endurance were measured. Parents-reported (PRO) duration of meals was recorded. Data were compared between the groups through the paired samples t-test or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
Children and adolescents with overweight showed significantly lower number of bites (p = .033), lower I-OMES scores (p < .05), and shorter meal duration (p = .005) compared to their peers with normal weight. No significant differences were found between the two groups for the number of swallows, the number of masticatory cycles and the total time of the TOMASS-C, and none of the tongue pressure measurements.
Eating in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity is characterised by a larger bolus sizes and shorter PRO meal duration. Additionally, overweight and obesity seem to be associated with poorer orofacial skills and structures in the paediatric population.
咀嚼功能似乎在肥胖的发病机制中起作用。然而，关于儿童和青少年口腔肌肉功能状态与超重和肥胖之间关系的文献很少且存在争议。
比较超重和肥胖儿童和青少年与体重正常的儿童和青少年的咀嚼性能、口面肌肉功能状态、舌力和耐力。
招募了 30 名超重和肥胖的儿童和青少年以及 30 名年龄和性别匹配的体重正常的儿童和青少年。所有受试者均接受儿童固体咀嚼吞咽测试（TOMASS-C）评估咀嚼性能，以及意大利口面肌肉功能评估与评分（I-OMES）评估口面肌肉功能状态。测量了前舌压和后舌压以及舌耐力。记录了家长报告（PRO）的用餐时间。通过配对样本 t 检验或 Wilcoxon 符号秩检验比较两组间的数据。
与体重正常的同龄人相比，超重的儿童和青少年的咬数明显减少（p = .033），I-OMES 评分较低（p < .05），用餐时间较短（p = .005）。两组之间的吞咽次数、咀嚼循环次数和 TOMASS-C 总时间以及舌压测量均无显著差异。
超重和肥胖儿童和青少年的进食特点是食团较大和 PRO 用餐时间较短。此外，超重和肥胖似乎与儿童和青少年口面肌肉功能和结构较差有关。
