Mi Chen-Hui, Qi Xin-Ya, Zhou Yan-Wen, Ding Yan-Wen, Wei Dai-Xu, Wang Yong
Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China.
Discov Nano. 2024 Aug 8;19(1):125. doi: 10.1186/s11671-024-04073-x.
Blood vessels are highly dynamic and complex structures with a variety of physiological functions, including the transport of oxygen, nutrients, and metabolic wastes. Their normal functioning involves the close and coordinated cooperation of a variety of cells. However, adverse internal and external environmental factors can lead to vascular damage and the induction of various vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and thrombosis. This can have serious consequences for patients, and there is an urgent need for innovative techniques to repair damaged blood vessels. Polyesters have been extensively researched and used in the treatment of vascular disease and repair of blood vessels due to their excellent mechanical properties, adjustable biodegradation time, and excellent biocompatibility. Given the high complexity of vascular tissues, it is still challenging to optimize the utilization of polyesters for repairing damaged blood vessels. Nevertheless, they have considerable potential for vascular tissue engineering in a range of applications. This summary reviews the physicochemical properties of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly-lactic acid (PLA), and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), focusing on their unique applications in vascular tissue engineering. Polyesters can be prepared not only as 3D scaffolds to repair damage as an alternative to vascular grafts, but also in various forms such as microspheres, fibrous membranes, and nanoparticles to deliver drugs or bioactive ingredients to damaged vessels. Finally, it is anticipated that further developments in polyesters will occur in the near future, with the potential to facilitate the wider application of these materials in vascular tissue engineering.
血管是高度动态且复杂的结构，具有多种生理功能，包括氧气、营养物质和代谢废物的运输。其正常功能涉及多种细胞的密切协作。然而，不利的内部和外部环境因素可导致血管损伤并引发各种血管疾病，包括动脉粥样硬化和血栓形成。这会给患者带来严重后果，因此迫切需要创新技术来修复受损血管。聚酯因其优异的机械性能、可调节的生物降解时间和出色的生物相容性，已被广泛研究并用于血管疾病的治疗和血管修复。鉴于血管组织的高度复杂性，优化聚酯在修复受损血管中的利用仍具有挑战性。尽管如此，它们在一系列应用的血管组织工程中具有相当大的潜力。本综述回顾了聚羟基脂肪酸酯（PHA）、聚己内酯（PCL）、聚乳酸（PLA）和聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物（PLGA）的物理化学性质，重点关注它们在血管组织工程中的独特应用。聚酯不仅可以制备成三维支架来替代血管移植物修复损伤，还可以制成微球、纤维膜和纳米颗粒等多种形式，将药物或生物活性成分输送到受损血管。最后，预计聚酯在不久的将来会有进一步发展，有可能促进这些材料在血管组织工程中的更广泛应用。
