Osei-Boakye Felix, Nkansah Charles, Appiah Samuel Kwasi, Abbam Gabriel, Derigubah Charles Angnataa, Ukwah Boniface Nwofoke, Usanga Victor Udoh, Ugwuja Emmanuel Ike, Chukwurah Ejike Felix
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Sunyani Technical University, Sunyani, Ghana.
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
PLoS One. 2024 Aug 8;19(8):e0308453. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308453. eCollection 2024.
There is no replacement for blood, and patients requiring transfusion depend on human donors, most of whom are family donors. Family donors may deny engagement in high-risk activities, which threaten the safety of donated blood. This study determined frequency of self-reported high-risk behaviors among replacement donors.
This retrospective study recruited 1317 donor records from 2017-2020, at Mankranso Hospital, Ghana. Data from archived donor questionnaires were extracted and analyzed with SPSS and GraphPad. Frequencies, associations, and quartiles were presented.
The donors were predominantly males (84.4%), 17-26 years old (43.7%), informal workers (71.8%), rural inhabitants (56.5%), first-time (65.0%), and screened in the rainy season (56.3%). Donation frequency was significantly associated with age, sex, occupation, and residence. Repeat donors were significantly older (p≤0.001). More males than females were deferred (p = 0.008), drug addicts (p = 0.001), had body modifications (p = 0.025), multiple sexual partners (p = 0.045), and STIs (p≤0.001), whereas, more females were recently treated (p = 0.044). Weight loss (p = 0.005) and pregnancy (p = 0.026) were frequent among 17-26-year group, whereas, tuberculosis was frequent among 37-60-year group (p = 0.009). More first-time donors were unwell (p = 0.005), deferred (p≤0.001), pregnant (p = 0.002), drug addicts, had impending rigorous activity (p = 0.037), body modifications (p = 0.001), multiple sexual partners (p = 0.030), and STIs (p = 0.008). STIs were frequent in the dry season (p = 0.010). First-time donors had reduced hemoglobin (p = 0.0032), weight (p = 0.0003), and diastolic pressure (p = 0.0241).
Donation frequency was associated with age, sex, occupation, and residence, with first-time donors younger than repeat donors. Deferral from donation, drug addiction, body modification, multiple sexual partners, and STIs were frequent among males, whereas, more females received treatment. Tuberculosis was frequently reported among older adults, whereas, weight loss and pregnancy were frequent among younger individuals. More first-time donors reported being unwell, deferred, drug addiction, body modifications, multiple sexual partners, STIs, and pregnant. Hemoglobin, weight, and diastolic BP were reduced among first-time donors.
血液无可替代，需要输血的患者依赖人类献血者，其中大多数是家庭献血者。家庭献血者可能会拒绝参与高风险活动，这对所献血液的安全构成威胁。本研究确定了替代献血者自我报告的高风险行为的频率。
这项回顾性研究收集了2017年至2020年加纳曼克兰索医院1317份献血者记录。从存档的献血者问卷中提取数据，并用SPSS和GraphPad进行分析。呈现了频率、关联和四分位数。
献血者以男性为主（84.4%），年龄在17 - 26岁之间（43.7%），为非正规工作者（71.8%），农村居民（56.5%），首次献血者（65.0%），且在雨季接受筛查（56.3%）。献血频率与年龄、性别、职业和居住地显著相关。重复献血者年龄显著更大（p≤0.001）。被推迟献血的男性多于女性（p = 0.008），有吸毒成瘾者（p = 0.001），有身体修饰（p = 0.025），有多个性伴侣（p = 0.045），以及患有性传播感染（p≤0.001），而更多女性近期接受过治疗（p = 0.044）。体重减轻（p = 0.005）和怀孕（p = 0.026）在17 - 26岁年龄组中较为常见，而结核病在37 - 60岁年龄组中较为常见（p = 0.009）。更多首次献血者身体不适（p = 0.005）、被推迟献血（p≤0.001）、怀孕（p = 0.002）、吸毒成瘾、即将进行剧烈活动（p = 0.037）、有身体修饰（p = 0.001）、有多个性伴侣（p = 0.030），以及患有性传播感染（p = 0.008）。性传播感染在旱季较为常见（p = 0.010）。首次献血者的血红蛋白（p = 0.0032）体重（p = 0.0003）和舒张压（p = 0.0241）较低。
献血频率与年龄、性别、职业和居住地相关，首次献血者比重复献血者年轻。男性中被推迟献血、吸毒成瘾、身体修饰、多个性伴侣和性传播感染较为常见，而更多女性接受治疗。老年人中结核病报告较多，而年轻人中体重减轻和怀孕较为常见。更多首次献血者报告身体不适、被推迟献血、吸毒成瘾、身体修饰、多个性伴侣、性传播感染和怀孕。首次献血者的血红蛋白、体重和舒张压较低。
