MexBrain, 13 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; Institute of Light and Matter, UMR 5306, University of Lyon 1-CNRS, University of Lyon 1, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA de Lyon, Universite Jean Monet, CNRS, UMR 5223 Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), 15 Bd A. Latarjet, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
J Hazard Mater. 2024 Oct 5;478:135361. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135361. Epub 2024 Jul 28.
The long-term effects of low-level, chronic exposure to lead and cadmium through ingestion are often overlooked, despite the urgency surrounding the clinical onset and worsening of certain pathologies caused by these metals. This work reviews current legislation, global ingestion levels, and blood levels in the general population to emphasize the need for reactivity towards this exposure, especially in at-risk populations, including patients with early-stage renal and chronic kidney disease. Global data indicates persistent chronic ingestion of lead and cadmium, with no decreasing trend in recent years, and a daily consumption of tens of micrograms worldwide. Moreover, the average blood lead and cadmium levels in the general population are concerning in many countries with some significantly exceeding healthy limits, particularly for children. Technologies developed to cleanse soil and prevent heavy metal contamination in food are not yet applicable on a global scale and remain financially inaccessible for many communities. Addressing this chronic ingestion at the human level may prove more beneficial in delaying the onset of associated clinical pathologies or preventing them all together.
长期以来，人们往往忽视了通过摄入途径导致的低水平、慢性接触铅和镉的长期影响，尽管这些金属引发的某些特定病理变化的临床发作和恶化已迫在眉睫。本研究回顾了当前立法、全球摄入水平以及普通人群的血液水平，以强调需要对此类暴露采取应对措施，特别是对高危人群，包括早期肾病和慢性肾病患者。全球数据表明，铅和镉的持续慢性摄入在近年来没有呈下降趋势，全世界每天的摄入量达到数十微克。此外，许多国家的普通人群的血液铅和镉水平令人担忧，其中一些国家的水平明显超过了健康限值，尤其是儿童。虽然已开发出用于净化土壤和防止食物中重金属污染的技术，但尚未在全球范围内得到应用，许多社区仍然难以负担相关费用。在人类层面上解决这种慢性摄入问题可能更有助于延迟相关临床病理变化的发作，或者完全预防这些变化。
