PAX4 gene delivery improves β-cell function in human islets of Type II diabetes.

Type II diabetes (T2D) stems from insulin resistance, with β-cell dysfunction as a hallmark in its progression. Studies reveal that β cells undergo apoptosis or dedifferentiation during T2D development. The transcription factor PAX4 is vital for β differentiation and survival, thus may be a potential enhancer of β-cell function in T2D islets. Human PAX4 cDNA was delivered into T2D human islets with an adenoviral vector, and its effects on β cells were examined. PAX4 gene delivery significantly improved β-cell survival, and increased β-cell composition in the T2D human islets. Basal insulin and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in PAX4-expressing islets were substantially higher than untreated or control-treated T2D human islets. Introduced PAX4 expression in T2D human islets improves β-cell function, thus could provide therapeutic benefits for T2D treatment.