Khobrani Fatimah Mudaia, Alzahrani Abdullah Mohammad, Binmahfoodh Dina Saleh, Hemedy Rawan Abdullah, Abbas Salwa Ibrahim
King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh.
Department of Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2024 Jun 14;86(8):4384-4388. doi: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000002247. eCollection 2024 Aug.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition that can have negative impacts on both mother and baby. Detecting GDM early is crucial, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) has been suggested as a possible screening method. This retrospective cross-sectional study aims to investigate potential risk factors and complications associated with GDM. Additionally, it aims to establish the diagnostic performance of predictive factors as a screening method for GDM.
Data were collected from the medical records of 247 pregnant women who visited outpatient Obstetrics clinics between 2021 and 2022. The study investigated potential risk factors and complications associated with GDM, including impaired fasting glucose/impaired glucose tolerance (IFG/IGT), family history of diabetes mellitus (DM), and medical conditions. Moreover, the study evaluated the diagnostic performance of potential predictors as screening techniques for GDM.
The study found that IFG/IGT (<0.001), a history of GDM (<0.001), and a family history of DM (=0.022) were significant factors associated with GDM. Healthy individuals had a lower risk of developing GDM (<0.001). No significant correlation was found between GDM and macrosomia, hypertension, polycystic ovarian syndrome, or other obstetric complications. Although a weak association was observed between fasting blood glucose levels during the first trimester and GDM, it was not significant.
In conclusion, this study found that IFG/IGT and a past history of GDM were significantly associated with GDM. Additionally, a family history of diabetes increased the likelihood of developing GDM, while no significant association was found between GDM and other obstetric complications. Although a weak association was observed between fasting blood glucose levels during the first trimester and GDM, it was not statistically significant.
妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）是一种会对母婴产生负面影响的病症。早期检测GDM至关重要，空腹血糖（FPG）已被提议作为一种可能的筛查方法。这项回顾性横断面研究旨在调查与GDM相关的潜在风险因素和并发症。此外，它旨在确定预测因素作为GDM筛查方法的诊断性能。
数据收集自2021年至2022年间到门诊产科就诊的247名孕妇的病历。该研究调查了与GDM相关的潜在风险因素和并发症，包括空腹血糖受损/糖耐量受损（IFG/IGT）、糖尿病家族史（DM）以及医疗状况。此外，该研究评估了潜在预测因素作为GDM筛查技术的诊断性能。
研究发现，IFG/IGT（<0.001）、GDM病史（<0.001）和DM家族史（=0.022）是与GDM相关的重要因素。健康个体患GDM的风险较低（<0.001）。未发现GDM与巨大儿、高血压、多囊卵巢综合征或其他产科并发症之间存在显著相关性。尽管在孕早期空腹血糖水平与GDM之间观察到微弱关联，但并不显著。
总之，本研究发现IFG/IGT和既往GDM病史与GDM显著相关。此外，糖尿病家族史增加了患GDM的可能性，而未发现GDM与其他产科并发症之间存在显著关联。尽管在孕早期空腹血糖水平与GDM之间观察到微弱关联，但在统计学上并不显著。
