Tyrell Fanita A, Rogosch Fred A, Cicchetti Dante
Department of Psychology, University of Maryland - College Park, 4094 Campus Dr, College Park, MD 20742.
Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, 187 Edinburgh St, Rochester, NY 14608.
Clin Psychol Sci. 2024 Jul;12(4):586-606. doi: 10.1177/21677026231183012. Epub 2023 Aug 11.
Most health disparities originate in childhood and extend across the lifespan. However, studies on health disparities have been predominately focused on adults. This study evaluated the biological and psychosocial consequences of exposure to chronic adversity among 491 low-income children 8 to 12 years old (52.1% male; = 9.73, = 1.0; 68.2% Black/African American; 21.2% Latinx; 267 maltreated and 224 nonmaltreated). Latent profile analyses revealed six distinct profiles of cumulative socioeconomic risk, allostatic load, and mental health functioning. Childhood maltreatment, emotion regulation, affect, and personality characteristics were differentially associated with these latent profiles. Consistent with resilience theory, findings indicate differential effects of chronic adversity on adaptation. These findings also offer evidence that signs of physiological dysregulation emerge at earlier ages in development and suggest there may be a window of opportunity in childhood for interventions to reduce the detrimental effects of chronic adversity on health outcomes in children.
大多数健康差异始于童年，并贯穿一生。然而，关于健康差异的研究主要集中在成年人身上。本研究评估了491名8至12岁低收入儿童（52.1%为男性；平均年龄=9.73岁，标准差=1.0；68.2%为黑人/非裔美国人；21.2%为拉丁裔；267名受虐待儿童和224名未受虐待儿童）长期暴露于逆境中的生物学和心理社会后果。潜在剖面分析揭示了累积社会经济风险、应激负荷和心理健康功能的六种不同剖面。童年虐待、情绪调节、情感和人格特征与这些潜在剖面存在不同程度的关联。与复原力理论一致，研究结果表明长期逆境对适应有不同影响。这些发现还提供了证据，表明生理失调迹象在发育早期就已出现，并表明在童年时期可能存在一个干预机会窗口，以减少长期逆境对儿童健康结果的不利影响。
