Mutations in Ras homolog family member A in patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma and implications for personalized medicine.

Genome sequencing has revealed frequent mutations in Ras homolog family member A () among various cancers with unique aberrant profiles and pathogenic effects, especially in peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). The discrete positional distribution and types of amino acid substitutions vary according to the tumor type, thereby leading to different functional and biological properties, which provide new insight into the molecular pathogenesis and potential targeted therapies for various tumors. However, the similarities and discrepancies in characteristics of mutations among various histologic subtypes of PTCL have not been fully elucidated. Herein we highlight the inconsistencies and complexities of the type and location of mutations and demonstrate the contribution of variants to the pathogenesis of PTCL by combining epigenetic abnormalities and activating multiple downstream pathways. The promising potential of targeting as a therapeutic modality is also outlined. This review provides new insight in the field of personalized medicine to improve the clinical outcomes for patients.