Bluestone C D
Cutis. 1985 Nov 15;36(5A):7-12.
Acute otitis media and chronic otitis media with effusion are generally caused in children by the bacteria found in the nasopharynx. In growing numbers of young patients, beta-lactamase-producing strains of Branhamella catarrhalis and Staphylococcus aureus have recently emerged as causative organisms. The antimicrobial agent selected for treatment should be effective against whatever pathogens have been associated with failures of symptomatic treatment in the community. Acute or chronic sinusitis in children is overlooked and poorly understood because so many children have frequent episodes of upper respiratory infection. To relieve acute symptoms and prevent suppurative complications, antimicrobial treatment is indicated. Children with persistent pain or fever may require surgical intervention and/or treatment with another antimicrobial agent. Recurrent acute sinusitis needs further evaluation and may be associated with a tooth abscess or cystic fibrosis.
急性中耳炎和分泌性中耳炎通常由存在于鼻咽部的细菌引起。在越来越多的年轻患者中，产β-内酰胺酶的卡他莫拉菌和金黄色葡萄球菌菌株最近已成为致病微生物。选择用于治疗的抗菌药物应能有效对抗社区中与症状性治疗失败相关的任何病原体。儿童急性或慢性鼻窦炎常被忽视且了解不足，因为许多儿童经常发生上呼吸道感染。为缓解急性症状并预防化脓性并发症，需进行抗菌治疗。持续疼痛或发热的儿童可能需要手术干预和/或使用另一种抗菌药物治疗。复发性急性鼻窦炎需要进一步评估，可能与牙脓肿或囊性纤维化有关。
