Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2024 Oct;90:102408. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102408. Epub 2024 Aug 8.
Biologists have the capability to edit a genome at the nanometer scale and then observe whether or not the edit affects the structure of a developing organ or organism at the centimeter scale. Our understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving this emergent phenomenon from a multiscale perspective remains incomplete. This review focuses predominantly on recent experimental developments in uncovering the mechanical interplay between the chromatin and cell scale since mechanics plays a major role in determining nuclear, cellular, and tissue structure. Here, we discuss the generation and transmission of forces through the cytoskeleton, affecting chromatin diffusivity and organization. Decoding such pieces of these multiscale connections lays the groundwork for solving the genotype-to-phenotype puzzle in biology.
生物学家有能力在纳米尺度上编辑基因组,然后观察编辑是否会影响厘米尺度上发育器官或生物体的结构。从多尺度的角度来看,我们对推动这一新兴现象的潜在机制的理解仍然不完整。这篇综述主要集中在最近的实验进展上,这些进展揭示了染色质和细胞尺度之间的力学相互作用,因为力学在决定核、细胞和组织结构方面起着重要作用。在这里,我们讨论了通过细胞骨架产生和传递力,从而影响染色质扩散性和组织。解码这些多尺度连接的片段为解决生物学中的基因型到表型难题奠定了基础。