Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States.
Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States.
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2019 Jun;58:114-119. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.02.012. Epub 2019 Apr 16.
Mechanical signals affect many aspects of biological processes. Physical forces from the extracellular microenvironment are ultimately transmitted to the nucleus and elicit a response that result in the deformation and remodeling of the nucleus. Recent studies have shown that nuclear deformation has several consequences such as reorganization of chromatin, changes in gene expression, and nuclear envelope rupture. It is widely believed that a direct coupling between the cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton is required for nuclear deformation; however, some studies have proposed alternative mechanisms for nuclear deformation and the transmission of mechanical signals and stresses from the cytoskeleton to the nucleus. Herein, we review the processes, in which the cell nucleus experiences stresses and discuss the evidence of involvement of a direct link between the cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton in nuclear deformation.
机械信号影响着许多生物过程。来自细胞外微环境的物理力最终被传递到细胞核，并引发一系列反应，导致细胞核的变形和重塑。最近的研究表明，核变形会产生多种后果，如染色质重组、基因表达变化和核膜破裂。人们普遍认为，核变形需要细胞骨架和核骨架之间的直接偶联；然而，一些研究提出了核变形以及细胞骨架向细胞核传递机械信号和应力的替代机制。本文综述了细胞核承受应力的过程，并讨论了细胞骨架和核骨架之间直接联系在核变形中的作用的证据。
