Rothrock Michael J, Zwirzitz Benjamin, Al Hakeem Walid G, Oladeinde Adelumola, Guard Jean Y, Li Xiang
Egg and Poultry Production Safety Research Unit, USDA-ARS, US National Poultry Research Center, 950 College Station Rd., Athens, GA, USA.
Institute of Food Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
Anim Microbiome. 2024 Aug 9;6(1):46. doi: 10.1186/s42523-024-00334-3.
Hatcheries, where eggs from multiple breeder farms are incubated and hatched before being sent to different broiler farms, represent a nexus point in the commercial production of broilers in the United States. Considering all downstream microbial quality and safety aspects of broiler production (live production, processing, consumer use) can be potentially affected by the hatchery, a better understanding of microbial ecology within commercial hatcheries is essential. Therefore, a commercial broiler hatchery was biomapped using 16S rRNA amplicon-based microbiome analyses of four sample type categories (Air, Egg, Water, Facility) across five different places in the pre-hatch, hatch, and post-hatch areas. While distinct microbiota were found for each sample type category and hatchery area, microbial community analyses revealed that Egg microbiota trended towards clustering with the facility-related samples when moving from the prehatch to post-hatch areas, highlighting the potential effect of the hatchery environment in shaping the pre-harvest broiler-related microbiota. Prevalence analyses revealed 20 ASVs (Core20) present in the core microbiota of all sample types and areas, with each ASV possessing a unique distribution throughout the hatchery. Interestingly, three Enterobacteriaceae ASVs were in the Core20, including Salmonella. Subsequent analyses showed that Salmonella, while a minor prehatch and hatch Core20ASV, dominated the Enterobacteriaceae niche and total microbiota in the chick pad feces in the post-hatch area of the hatchery, and the presence of this Salmonella ASV in the post-hatch feces was associated with swabs of breakroom tables. These findings highlight the complexity of commercial hatchery microbiota, including identifying chick pad feces and breakroom tables as potentially important sampling or disinfection targets for hatchery managers to focus their Salmonella mitigation efforts to reduce loads entering live production farms.
孵化场是美国肉鸡商业生产中的一个关键节点，在这里，来自多个种鸡场的鸡蛋在被送往不同的肉鸡场之前进行孵化。鉴于肉鸡生产的所有下游微生物质量和安全方面（活体生产、加工、消费使用）都可能受到孵化场的潜在影响，深入了解商业孵化场内的微生物生态至关重要。因此，通过对孵化前、孵化中和孵化后五个不同地点的四类样本（空气、鸡蛋、水、设施）进行基于16S rRNA扩增子的微生物组分析，对一个商业肉鸡孵化场进行了生物图谱绘制。虽然在每个样本类型和孵化场区域都发现了不同的微生物群，但微生物群落分析表明，从孵化前到孵化后区域，鸡蛋微生物群有与设施相关样本聚类的趋势，突出了孵化场环境对塑造收获前肉鸡相关微生物群的潜在影响。流行率分析显示，所有样本类型和区域的核心微生物群中存在20个扩增子序列变体（Core20），每个扩增子序列变体在整个孵化场都有独特的分布。有趣的是，三个肠杆菌科扩增子序列变体在Core20中，包括沙门氏菌。后续分析表明，沙门氏菌虽然在孵化前和孵化时是Core20中的次要扩增子序列变体，但在孵化场孵化后区域的雏鸡垫料粪便中的肠杆菌科生态位和总微生物群中占主导地位，并且孵化后粪便中这种沙门氏菌扩增子序列变体的存在与休息室桌子的拭子有关。这些发现突出了商业孵化场微生物群的复杂性，包括将雏鸡垫料粪便和休息室桌子确定为孵化场管理人员潜在的重要采样或消毒目标，以便他们集中沙门氏菌缓解措施，减少进入活体生产农场的负荷。
