Al-Alem Umaima, Al-Saruri Alaa, Bamahros Hasan, Mahmoud Abeer M, Sible Emily, Hasan Uzma A
Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
Department Psychologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
Cancers (Basel). 2024 Jul 27;16(15):2679. doi: 10.3390/cancers16152679.
Breast cancer is a significant global issue, ranking as the second most common cancer among women worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Although the exact causes of this increase remain unclear, factors such as genetics, epigenetics, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, tobacco use, and vitamin D deficiency have been implicated. The Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is recognized for its role in inflammation and innate immunity; however, its specific involvement in breast cancer pathogenesis requires further investigation. This study aims to systematically review the existing literature on TLR9 expression in normal and cancerous breast tissue, providing current knowledge and identifying gaps. Relevant articles in English were from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, with the inclusion criteria focusing on studies evaluating TLR9 mRNA and protein expression. The review found that TLR9 mRNA and protein exhibit variable expressions in both normal and cancerous breast tissue, highlighting the need for further research to clarify TLR9's role in breast cancer.
乳腺癌是一个重大的全球性问题，在全球女性中是第二常见的癌症，也是癌症相关死亡的主要原因。尽管这一增长的确切原因尚不清楚，但遗传、表观遗传、肥胖、久坐不动的生活方式、吸烟和维生素D缺乏等因素都被认为与之相关。Toll样受体9（TLR9）因其在炎症和先天免疫中的作用而被认可；然而，其在乳腺癌发病机制中的具体作用还需要进一步研究。本研究旨在系统回顾关于TLR9在正常和癌性乳腺组织中表达的现有文献，提供当前的知识并找出差距。英文相关文章来自PubMed、Scopus和谷歌学术，纳入标准侧重于评估TLR9 mRNA和蛋白质表达的研究。该综述发现，TLR9 mRNA和蛋白质在正常和癌性乳腺组织中均表现出可变表达，这突出表明需要进一步研究以阐明TLR9在乳腺癌中的作用。
