Vitasović-Kosić Ivana, Berec Dominik, Łuczaj Łukasz, Motti Riccardo, Juračak Josip
University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Institute of Biology, University of Rzeszów, ul. Zelwerowicza 8B, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Aug 3;13(15):2153. doi: 10.3390/plants13152153.
Slavonia is the most developed agricultural region in Croatia. With rich and fertile soils that have enabled the cultivation of a wide variety of fruits, vegetables, and cereals, Slavonia has always met the food needs of its population. Today, the biocultural diversity of local varieties and semi-natural vegetation has irretrievably disappeared. Our aim was to document the remaining local knowledge of plant use in this area through in-depth semi-structured interviews, which were conducted in 2022-2023. All possible aspects of the use of plants and fungi were recorded as food, animal feed, medicine, construction, jewelry, rituals and ceremonies, dyes, etc. The names and uses of local plant varieties were also recorded. The results show 1702 entries-a total of 296 plant taxa from 76 families and 28 fungi from 16 families. The most frequently named plants were: , , , and . The plants with the greatest variety of uses were , , , and . Interesting uses were identified. The leaves of the ornamental plant are still used today as food for wrapping meat with rice, the aquatic plant is eaten like chestnuts, and was once consumed as a vegetable. In addition, and were given to horses to prevent and avoid blood poisoning. Some forest species had a special significance and were revered or favored. The most frequently mentioned edible fungi were sp., , and . is the only species stated to have been used exclusively as a raw snack. Evidence of edible use of , which was reported as traditionally consumed in the past, was of particular interest. Despite the modernization and agricultural nature of the region, many interesting uses of plants and fungi were identified. Further efforts should be directed towards documenting this knowledge to facilitate its dissemination in the communities that possess it, or at least to preserve it for future generations.
斯拉沃尼亚是克罗地亚最发达的农业地区。拥有丰富肥沃的土壤，适宜种植各种水果、蔬菜和谷物，斯拉沃尼亚一直满足着当地居民的食物需求。如今，当地品种和半自然植被的生物文化多样性已无可挽回地消失了。我们的目标是通过在2022年至2023年进行的深入半结构化访谈，记录该地区关于植物用途的现存当地知识。记录了植物和真菌在作为食物、动物饲料、药物、建筑材料、珠宝、仪式典礼、染料等方面所有可能的用途。还记录了当地植物品种的名称和用途。结果显示有1702条记录——总共来自76个科的296种植物分类群以及来自16个科的28种真菌。最常被提及的植物有： ， ， ，和 。用途最为多样的植物有 ， ， ，和 。发现了一些有趣的用途。观赏植物 的叶子如今仍被用作包裹米饭和肉类的食物，水生植物 像栗子一样被食用， 曾被当作蔬菜食用。此外， 和 被喂给马以预防和避免血液中毒。一些森林物种具有特殊意义，受到崇敬或喜爱。最常被提及的可食用真菌有 属物种， ，和 。 是唯一被指出仅用作生食小吃的物种。过去有传统食用记录的 可食用用途的证据尤其令人感兴趣。尽管该地区具有现代化和农业化的特点，但仍发现了许多植物和真菌的有趣用途。应进一步努力记录这些知识以便在拥有这些知识的社区中传播，或者至少为子孙后代保存下来。
