College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, China.
Molecules. 2024 Jul 30;29(15):3597. doi: 10.3390/molecules29153597.
As one of the most essential types of heterocyclic compounds, pyrazines have a characteristic smell and taste and have a wide range of commercial applications, especially in the food industry. With the development of the food industry, the demand for pyrazines has increased. Therefore, understanding the properties, functions, and synthetic pathways of pyrazines is one of the fundamental methods to produce, control, and apply pyrazines in food or medical systems. In this review, we provide an overview of the synthesis pathways and physiological or pharmacological functions of naturally occurring pyrazines. In particular, we focus on the biosynthesis and pharmacological effects of 2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine (TTMP), 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine (2,5-DMP), and 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine (TMP). Furthermore, areas where further research on pyrazines is needed are discussed in this work.
作为最基本的杂环化合物之一，吡嗪具有独特的气味和味道，并且具有广泛的商业应用，特别是在食品工业中。随着食品工业的发展，对吡嗪的需求增加。因此，了解吡嗪的性质、功能和合成途径是在食品或医疗系统中生产、控制和应用吡嗪的基本方法之一。在这篇综述中，我们概述了天然存在的吡嗪的合成途径和生理或药理功能。特别是，我们重点介绍了 2,3,5,6-四甲基吡嗪（TTMP）、2,5-二甲基吡嗪（2,5-DMP）和 2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪（TMP）的生物合成和药理作用。此外，本文还讨论了吡嗪研究中需要进一步探讨的领域。
