School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China; Jincheng Association for Science and Technology, Jincheng 048000, Shanxi Province, China.
School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Nov 15;951:175297. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175297. Epub 2024 Aug 8.
Excessive utilization of chemical fertilizers in mango orchards not only hampers the attainment of sustainable harvests but also poses significant ecological detriments. This investigation proposes a promising solution by advocating the judicious replacement of chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizer (OF) and slow-release fertilizer (SRF), with potential to bolster soil health and augment crop productivity. In light of the promise held by these alternatives, it is imperative to establish detailed fertilization protocols for enhanced sustainable practices in mango farming. This two-year field study employed a comprehensive suite of seven fertilization strategies, unveiling that a 25 % chemical fertilizers substitution with OF and SRF improved mango yields by 12.5 % and 11.3 %, respectively, over standard practices. Additionally, these approaches substantially augmented the nutritional quality of mangoes, evident from Vitamin C enhancements of 53.9 % to 56.9 %, and improvements in sugar-to-acid ratio (19.2 %-30.3 %) and solid-to-acid ratio (12.1 %-25.3 %). Notably, the application of OF and SRF led to increased leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, while simultaneously reducing soil phosphorus and potassium levels. Furthermore, these fertilizers fostered the growth of beneficial soil microorganisms, namely Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, and strengthened the synergy within the soil bacterial community, hence optimizing bacterial competition and nutrient cycling. The study proposes that the adoption of OF or SRF can effectively regulate soil nutrient balance, promote resilient and functional soil bacterial ecosystems, and ultimately improve mango yield and fruit quality. It recommends a fertilization scheme incorporating 25 % organic or slow-release nitrogen to align with ecological sustainability goals, promoting a more vigorous and resilient soil and crop system.
过量使用化肥不仅会阻碍芒果园的可持续收成，还会对生态造成严重危害。本研究提出了一个有前景的解决方案，即提倡用有机肥（OF）和缓释肥（SRF）代替化肥，这有可能增强土壤健康并提高作物生产力。鉴于这些替代品的潜力，制定详细的施肥方案对于增强芒果种植的可持续性实践至关重要。这项为期两年的田间研究采用了综合的七种施肥策略，结果表明，用 OF 和 SRF 替代 25%的化肥可使芒果产量分别提高 12.5%和 11.3%，优于标准做法。此外，这些方法还大大提高了芒果的营养价值，维生素 C 提高了 53.9%至 56.9%，糖酸比（19.2%-30.3%）和固酸比（12.1%-25.3%）也得到了改善。值得注意的是，OF 和 SRF 的应用增加了叶片氮和磷的浓度，同时降低了土壤磷和钾的水平。此外，这些肥料促进了有益土壤微生物（放线菌和变形菌）的生长，并增强了土壤细菌群落内的协同作用，从而优化了细菌竞争和养分循环。该研究提出，采用 OF 或 SRF 可以有效地调节土壤养分平衡，促进有弹性和功能性的土壤细菌生态系统，最终提高芒果的产量和果实品质。它建议采用一种施肥方案，将 25%的有机或缓释氮纳入其中，以符合生态可持续性目标，促进更有活力和弹性的土壤和作物系统。
