Department of Alzheimer's Disease Clinical Research Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China.
Department of Alzheimer's Disease Clinical Research Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China.
Ageing Res Rev. 2024 Sep;100:102453. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102453. Epub 2024 Aug 8.
Olfactory functioning involves multiple cognitive processes and the coordinated actions of various neural systems. Any disruption at any stage of this process may result in olfactory dysfunction, which is consequently widely used to predict the onset and progression of diseases, such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Although the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully unraveled, apparent changes were observed in olfactory brain areas form patients who suffer from AD by means of medical imaging and electroencephalography (EEG). Olfactory dysfunction holds significant promise in detecting AD during the preclinical stage preceding mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Owing to the strong specificity, olfactory tests are prevalently applied for screening in community cohorts. And combining olfactory tests with other biomarkers may further establish an optimal model for AD prediction in studies of specific olfactory dysfunctions and improve the sensitivity and specificity of early AD diagnosis.
嗅觉功能涉及多个认知过程和各种神经系统的协调作用。在这个过程的任何阶段出现任何中断都可能导致嗅觉功能障碍，因此嗅觉功能障碍被广泛用于预测疾病的发生和进展，如阿尔茨海默病（AD）。尽管其潜在机制尚未完全阐明，但通过医学成像和脑电图（EEG）观察到患有 AD 的患者的嗅觉大脑区域出现了明显的变化。嗅觉功能障碍在轻度认知障碍（MCI）之前的临床前阶段检测 AD 具有重要意义。由于特异性强，嗅觉测试在社区队列筛查中得到广泛应用。并且将嗅觉测试与其他生物标志物相结合，可能会进一步为特定嗅觉障碍的 AD 预测建立一个最佳模型，并提高早期 AD 诊断的敏感性和特异性。
