Department of Gastroenterology, İstanbul University İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Türkiye.
Department of Gastroenterology, Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli, Türkiye.
Turk J Gastroenterol. 2024 Jun;35(6):423-439. doi: 10.5152/tjg.2024.24029.
Functional gastrointestinal system disorders are common problems in practice. The most common symptoms are abdominal pain, gas, bloating, diarrhea, constipation, and a mixture of these, and similar symptoms can be seen in conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and celiac disease depending on the age of the patient, indicating the importance of differential diagnosis. The importance of patient management is shown by making a symptom-based diagnosis and making cost-effective, that is, limited advanced examinations. The pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is multifactorial, and stress is one of the leading triggers of IBS symptoms. Therefore, terminology will change to gut-brain interaction disorders in the future, and the patient-physician relationship has a special place in the treatment of functional bowel disorder. Dietary recommendation and medical treatment in IBS should be determined according to the predominant symptom and symptom severity. In addition to diet, some lifestyle changes can also be helpful in reducing IBS symptoms. Antispasmodics and antidepressants are not fast-acting. These drugs should be used for at least 2-4 weeks to see the efficacy of treatment. Drugs should be used according to the standard recommended duration and dose in intermittent treatments.
功能性胃肠系统疾病在临床上较为常见。最常见的症状为腹痛、气胀、腹胀、腹泻、便秘，以及这些症状的混合，而类似的症状也可见于炎症性肠病、结直肠癌和乳糜泻等疾病，具体取决于患者的年龄，这表明鉴别诊断很重要。根据症状做出诊断并进行具有成本效益的、即有限的先进检查，对患者管理很重要。肠易激综合征（IBS）的病理生理学是多因素的，压力是 IBS 症状的主要诱因之一。因此，在未来术语将更改为肠-脑相互作用障碍，医患关系在功能性肠病的治疗中具有特殊地位。IBS 的饮食建议和医学治疗应根据主要症状和症状严重程度来确定。除了饮食，一些生活方式的改变也有助于减轻 IBS 症状。抗痉挛药和抗抑郁药不是快速起效的药物。这些药物应至少使用 2-4 周才能看到治疗效果。药物应根据间歇治疗中标准推荐的持续时间和剂量使用。
