State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, USA.
Water Res. 2024 Nov 1;265:122227. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122227. Epub 2024 Aug 6.
Sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (SAWH) is a promising solution for localized high-quality water production. Application of SAWH indoors offers dual benefits of on-site water generation and humidity control. This study evaluated the use of SAWH for water production in residential or office buildings, employing a portable zeolite-based SAWH device. Over the twelve-month testing period in the arid southwestern USA, the device achieved a median water yield of 3.6 L/day at a cost 30 % less than bottled water sold in the U.S. A mathematical model was developed for predicting water yield under different temperature and relative humidity (RH) conditions. Daily water yields were well fitted with the modified Langmuir model, with absolute humidity serving as the only prediction variable. Water extracted from a well-ventilated office building generally met the drinking water standards set by USEPA. However, elevated levels of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were detected in the samples collected from the residential house (median = 32.6 mg/L), emphasizing the influence of human activities (e.g., cooking) on the emission of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds in the air, which consequently reside in harvested water. Aldehydes and volatile fatty acids (formate, acetate) comprised roughly 50 % of the DOC found in the AWE water. A carbon fiber filter was not effective at removing these substances, highlighting the need for further research into effective treatment methods for DOC management before the safe use of AWE water. Overall, this study provides critical insights for the practical application of indoor SAWH as a decentralized source of high-quality water and emphasizes the need to identify and manage DOC for its safe use.
基于吸附的大气水收集（SAWH）是一种有前途的局部高质量水生产解决方案。在室内应用 SAWH 具有现场水生成和湿度控制的双重优势。本研究评估了使用基于沸石的便携式 SAWH 设备在住宅或办公建筑中生产水的应用。在美国西南部干旱地区进行了为期 12 个月的测试，该设备的水产量中位数为每天 3.6 升，成本比美国销售的瓶装水低 30%。开发了一个数学模型来预测不同温度和相对湿度（RH）条件下的水产量。通过修改后的 Langmuir 模型可以很好地拟合每日水产量，绝对湿度是唯一的预测变量。从通风良好的办公大楼中提取的水通常符合美国环保署设定的饮用水标准。然而，从住宅中采集的水样中检测到溶解有机碳（DOC）含量升高（中位数=32.6mg/L），这强调了人类活动（例如烹饪）对空气中挥发性和半挥发性有机化合物排放的影响，这些化合物最终会存在于收集的水中。醛和挥发性脂肪酸（甲酸、乙酸）约占 AWE 水中发现的 DOC 的 50%。碳纤维过滤器对去除这些物质的效果不佳，这突出表明在安全使用 AWE 水之前，需要进一步研究有效的 DOC 管理处理方法。总体而言，本研究为室内 SAWH 作为高质量水的分散式来源的实际应用提供了重要见解，并强调需要识别和管理 DOC 以确保其安全使用。
