Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, 2-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
Glycobiology. 2024 Sep 30;34(11). doi: 10.1093/glycob/cwae061.
Glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) are glycolipids found ubiquitously in eukaryotes. They consist of a glycan and an inositol phospholipid, and act as membrane anchors of many cell-surface proteins by covalently linking to their C-termini. GPIs also exist as unlinked, free glycolipids on the cell surface. In human cells, at least 160 proteins with various functions are GPI-anchored proteins. Because the attachment of GPI is required for the cell-surface expression of GPI-anchored proteins, a thorough knowledge of the molecular basis of mammalian GPI-anchored protein biosynthesis is important for understanding the basic biochemistry and biology of GPI-anchored proteins and their medical significance. In this paper, I review our previous knowledge of the biosynthesis of mammalian GPI-anchored proteins and then examine new findings made since 2020.
糖基磷脂酰肌醇（GPI）是真核生物中普遍存在的糖脂。它们由一个聚糖和一个肌醇磷脂组成，通过与 C 末端共价连接，作为许多细胞表面蛋白的膜锚定物。GPI 也以未连接的、游离的糖脂形式存在于细胞表面。在人类细胞中，至少有 160 种具有各种功能的蛋白质是 GPI 锚定蛋白。由于 GPI 的附着对于 GPI 锚定蛋白的细胞表面表达是必需的，因此深入了解哺乳动物 GPI 锚定蛋白生物合成的分子基础对于理解 GPI 锚定蛋白的基本生物化学和生物学及其医学意义非常重要。在本文中，我回顾了我们以前对哺乳动物 GPI 锚定蛋白生物合成的认识，然后检查了自 2020 年以来的新发现。
