Synthesis, DFT, and biological evaluation of chalcone bearing pyrazoline ring against receptors.

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD), often caused by infection, is a prevalent gastrointestinal condition characterized by the erosion of the gastric or duodenal mucosal lining. adheres to gastric epithelial cells, secreting toxins and disrupting the stomach's defenses. relies on various receptors to establish infection, making these molecules attractive therapeutic targets. This study aimed to develop novel anti-ulcer compounds by combining benzothiazole, pyrazoline, and chalcone pharmacophores. A series of chalcone derivatives were synthesized Claisen-Schmidt condensation and characterized using spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, NMR and elemental analysis. The DFT calculations, using B3LYP method with 6-311G basis set, revealed the -tolyl derivative exhibited the highest thermal stability while the -bromophenyl derivative showed the lowest stability but highest chemical reactivity. The HOMO-LUMO energy gaps as well as the dipole moments decreased in the order:  >  > , reflecting a similar reactivity trend. Molecular docking showed ligands bound effectively to the urease enzyme, with docking scores from -5.3862 to -5.7367 kcal/mol with superior affinity over lansoprazole. Key interactions involved hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic pi-hydrogen bonds with distances ranging 3.46-4.34 Å with active site residues ASN666, SER714 and ASN810. The combined anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-adhesion properties make these novel chalcones promising PUD therapeutic candidates.