Langille Barbara L, Sae-Lim Panya, Boison Solomon, Wiper Philip G, Garber Amber F
The Huntsman Marine Science Centre, Saint Andrews, NB, Canada.
Mowi Genetics AS, Bergen, Norway.
Front Genet. 2024 Jul 26;15:1402927. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1402927. eCollection 2024.
Atlantic salmon () is an important source of food globally; however, fillet color can significantly affect consumer purchasing, leading to potential food waste. Fish diets can be supplemented with astaxanthin to increase the organic pigment, carotenoid, responsible for flesh coloration; however, there is variation in the amount of overall fillet coloration in response to feeding astaxanthin. The uptake of this pigment is influenced by the environment and genetics and has been shown to be heritable. Therefore, we set out to determine the genomic associations of two separate year classes of farmed North American Atlantic salmon with measured Minolta Chroma Meter (lightness, redness, and yellowness) and SalmoFan phenotypic traits. Using ASReml-R genome-wide association, two genetic markers on chromosome 26 were significantly associated with almost all color traits, and these two markers explained between 6.0% and 12.5% of the variances. The genomic region on chromosome 26 was importantly found to be associated with the () gene, which is essential in the conversion of beta-carotenoids to vitamin A, implying that this gene may also play an important role in flesh coloration in North American Atlantic salmon. Additionally, there were several genomic regions significantly associated with color traits, in which the accompanying genes had functions in line with thermogenesis, immune function, and pathogenic responses. Understanding how environmental and genetic factors work together to affect fillet quality traits will help inform genetic improvement.
大西洋鲑（）是全球重要的食物来源；然而，鱼片颜色会显著影响消费者的购买行为，进而导致潜在的食物浪费。可在鱼类饲料中添加虾青素，以增加负责鱼肉着色的有机色素类胡萝卜素；然而，投喂虾青素后鱼片整体着色量存在差异。这种色素的摄取受环境和遗传因素影响，并且已证明具有遗传性。因此，我们着手确定两个不同年份养殖的北美大西洋鲑群体与通过美能达色差仪测量的（亮度、红色度和黄色度）以及SalmoFan表型性状之间的基因组关联。使用ASReml - R全基因组关联分析，26号染色体上的两个遗传标记与几乎所有颜色性状显著相关，这两个标记解释了6.0%至12.5%的变异。重要的是，发现26号染色体上的基因组区域与（）基因相关，该基因在β - 类胡萝卜素转化为维生素A的过程中至关重要，这意味着该基因可能在北美大西洋鲑的鱼肉着色中也发挥重要作用。此外，还有几个基因组区域与颜色性状显著相关，其中伴随的基因具有与产热、免疫功能和致病反应相关的功能。了解环境和遗传因素如何共同作用以影响鱼片质量性状将有助于指导遗传改良。
