Harris G R
Ultrasound Med Biol. 1985 Nov-Dec;11(6):803-17. doi: 10.1016/0301-5629(85)90074-2.
In this paper, some of the fundamental procedures for evaluating medical ultrasound fields using miniature hydrophones are discussed. Examples are considered for both static (fixed beam) and real-time (moving beam) ultrasound systems. Intensity and power quantities are calculated from hydrophone measurements using definitions contained in current standards, and where reasonable some simplified computational procedures are introduced. Assumptions implicit in common expressions for spatial average-temporal average intensity and ultrasonic power are identified, and in some cases illustrations of calculations using idealized pressure waveforms and beam shapes are given and compared with more exact results. Also, the adequacy of present guidelines for choosing the hydrophone size is evaluated using a simple time domain approach. This material is presented to augment and help clarify descriptions of procedures contained in existing standards, and to provide a basis for pursuing some of the more difficult problems associated with hydrophone measurements.
本文讨论了使用微型水听器评估医学超声场的一些基本程序。文中考虑了静态（固定波束）和实时（移动波束）超声系统的示例。根据当前标准中的定义，从水听器测量值计算强度和功率量，并在合理的情况下引入一些简化的计算程序。确定了空间平均-时间平均强度和超声功率的常用表达式中隐含的假设，在某些情况下，给出了使用理想化压力波形和波束形状的计算示例，并与更精确的结果进行了比较。此外，使用一种简单的时域方法评估了当前选择水听器尺寸指南的充分性。呈现这些内容是为了补充和帮助阐明现有标准中包含的程序描述，并为解决与水听器测量相关的一些更困难的问题提供基础。
