Research is needed to better understand factors promoting health and well-being with Indigenous Peoples and people with socioeconomic barriers in Canada, given they face multiple social determinants that are barriers to health. Individual dispositions, sense of purpose and conscientiousness, are known to predict health and well-being in broader samples. In a community-based approach, guided by Indigenous Elders with traditional ways of knowing, we aimed to determine whether these measures correlate with self-rated health and well-being among Indigenous ( = 149) and non-Indigenous ( = 151) Peoples in Vancouver, Canada. The majority of participants (mean age 49 years, and 58% male) had relatively low income (≤$15,000/year) and educational attainment (<high school). Factors were valid and reliable in all groups. Mean scores were similar between Indigenous and non-Indigenous groups, and lower among participants with lower than with higher income. Correlations were similar between Indigenous and non-Indigenous groups: purpose significantly correlated with health (SF-6; 0.34 and 0.28, < .001) and life satisfaction (0.55 and 0.58, < .001), and conscientiousness with health (0.19 and 0.18, < .05). Correlations were similar between income groups. When exploring and promoting the health, equity, and well-being of Indigenous and low socioeconomic status communities, purpose and personal disposition are factors to consider alongside social determinants of health.