Mitsova Diana, Besser Lilah M, Le Elaine T
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, University of Miami, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
J Urban Health. 2024 Dec;101(6):1178-1187. doi: 10.1007/s11524-024-00892-6. Epub 2024 Aug 12.
No known studies have examined the relationships between urban heat islands, historic redlining, and neighborhood walking in older adults. We assessed whether (1) individual and neighborhood characteristics (including redlining score) differ by neighborhood summer land surface temperature (LST); (2) higher LST is associated with less neighborhood walking, and whether associations differ by historic redlining score; and (3) neighborhoods with discriminatory redlining scores have greater LSTs. We used data on 3982 ≥ 65 years old from the 2017 National Household Travel Survey. Multivariable negative binomial and linear regressions tested associations between LST z-score (comparing participant's neighborhood LST to surrounding region's LST) and self-reported neighborhood walking and the association between living in neighborhoods redlined as "definitely declining" or "hazardous" (versus "still desirable"/"best") and LST z-score. LSTs were higher for those in neighborhoods with higher area deprivation scores and more African American/Black residents. Older adults living in neighborhoods with higher summer LST z-scores had fewer minutes of neighborhood walking/day. This association seemed limited to individuals with neighborhood redlining scores of "still desirable"/"best." Neighborhood redlining scores of "definitely declining" or "hazardous" (versus "still desirable" and "best") were associated with greater neighborhood summer LSTs. Overall, these findings suggest that historically redlined neighborhoods may experience urban heat island effects more often. While older adults living in hotter neighborhoods with "still desirable" or "best" redlining scores may less often engage in neighborhood walking, those in neighborhoods with redlining scores of "definitely declining" and "hazardous" do not seem to decrease neighborhood walking with higher LSTs. Future work is needed to elucidate the impact of extreme heat on health-promoting behaviors such as walking and the types of interventions that can successfully counteract negative impacts on historically disadvantaged communities.
尚无已知研究探讨城市热岛、历史上的红线划定与老年人社区步行之间的关系。我们评估了：(1) 个人和社区特征（包括红线划定得分）是否因社区夏季地表温度（LST）而异；(2) 较高的LST是否与较少的社区步行相关，以及这种关联是否因历史红线划定得分而异；(3) 具有歧视性红线划定得分的社区是否有更高的LST。我们使用了来自2017年全国家庭旅行调查的3982名年龄≥65岁者的数据。多变量负二项式回归和线性回归检验了LST z分数（将参与者所在社区的LST与周边地区的LST进行比较）与自我报告的社区步行之间的关联，以及居住在被划定为“肯定衰退”或“危险”（相对于“仍然理想”/“最佳”）的社区与LST z分数之间的关联。在面积贫困得分较高且非裔美国人/黑人居民较多的社区中，居民的LST较高。居住在夏季LST z分数较高社区的老年人每天社区步行的分钟数较少。这种关联似乎仅限于社区红线划定得分为“仍然理想”/“最佳”的个体。“肯定衰退”或“危险”（相对于“仍然理想”和“最佳”）的社区红线划定得分与社区夏季较高的LST相关。总体而言，这些发现表明，历史上被划定红线的社区可能更常经历城市热岛效应。虽然居住在红线划定得分为“仍然理想”或“最佳”且温度较高社区的老年人可能较少进行社区步行，但那些红线划定得分为“肯定衰退”和“危险”的社区居民似乎不会因LST升高而减少社区步行。未来需要开展工作，以阐明极端高温对步行等促进健康行为的影响，以及能够成功抵消对历史上处于不利地位社区负面影响的干预措施类型。
