Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Al-Kindy College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
Brain Behav. 2024 Aug;14(8):e3644. doi: 10.1002/brb3.3644.
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammatory assaults on the central nervous system (CNS), particularly on the optic nerves and spinal cord. In recent years, a wider range of clinical manifestations of this complex disease have been observed, emphasizing the importance of gaining a more profound understanding beyond optic neuritis (ON) and transverse myelitis (TM).
This study explores the many clinical symptoms of NMOSD, including common and uncommon presentations. Distinctive aspects of ON, TM, and diencephalic/brainstem syndromes are examined, highlighting their unique characteristics in contrast to conditions such as multiple sclerosis. We also discuss extra-CNS involvement, such as unusual signs, including muscle involvement, retinal injury, auditory impairment, and rhinological symptoms.
Our study intends to highlight the wide range and complexity of NMOSD presentations, emphasizing the significance of identifying unusual symptoms for precise diagnosis and prompt management. The specific processes that contribute to the varied clinical presentation of NMOSD are not well understood despite existing information. This emphasizes the necessity for more study to clarify the mechanisms that cause different symptoms and discover new treatment targets for this complex autoimmune disorder.
It is essential to acknowledge the complex and varied clinical manifestations of NMOSD to enhance diagnosis, treatment, and patient results. By enhancing our comprehension of the fundamental processes and investigating innovative therapeutic approaches, we may aim to enhance the quality of life for persons impacted by this illness.
视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病（NMOSD）是一种自身免疫性疾病，其特征是中枢神经系统（CNS）发生炎症攻击，尤其是视神经和脊髓。近年来，人们观察到这种复杂疾病的临床表现范围更广，这强调了深入了解视神经炎（ON）和横贯性脊髓炎（TM）以外的症状的重要性。
本研究探讨了 NMOSD 的许多临床症状，包括常见和不常见的表现。探讨了 ON、TM 和间脑/脑干综合征的独特方面，强调了它们与多发性硬化症等疾病的独特特征。我们还讨论了 CNS 外的参与，如不常见的症状，包括肌肉参与、视网膜损伤、听力障碍和鼻科学症状。
我们的研究旨在强调 NMOSD 表现的广泛而复杂，强调识别不常见症状对准确诊断和及时管理的重要性。尽管存在信息，但导致 NMOSD 不同临床表现的具体过程仍未得到很好的理解。这强调了需要更多的研究来阐明导致不同症状的机制，并为这种复杂的自身免疫性疾病发现新的治疗靶点。
必须认识到 NMOSD 的复杂和多样的临床表现，以提高诊断、治疗和患者的结果。通过提高我们对基本过程的理解，并研究创新的治疗方法，我们可以努力提高受这种疾病影响的人的生活质量。
