Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Department of Public and Environmental Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University Dutse, Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria.
BMC Psychol. 2024 Aug 13;12(1):438. doi: 10.1186/s40359-024-01782-x.
The environmental determinants of health (EDH) have a significant impact on people's physical, mental, and social wellbeing. Everyone needs access to environmental resources of all types, including food, materials, and energy, to survive. Currently, no valid and reliable instrument exists for evaluating individuals' perceived levels of EDH. Hence, the purpose of this study was to develop and validate the environmental determinants of health questionnaire (EDH-Q) among undergraduate students in Nigeria.
We conducted a cross-sectional survey among undergraduate students in Nigeria to assess the psychometric properties of the newly developed Environmental Determinants of Health Questionnaire (EDH-Q). Respondents were selected using a convenience sampling approach to evaluate their perceptions of environmental determinants of health. The Content Validity Index (CVI) and Face Validity Index (FVI) were calculated to ascertain the scale's content validity and response process validity, respectively. Additionally, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), composite reliability (CR), average variance extracted (AVE), Cronbach's alpha, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were computed to assess the scale's construct validity.
The study involved 300 respondents in the EFA (males 55.7%, females 44.3%) and 430 respondents in the CFA (males 54.0%, females 46.0%). In the EFA, two constructs were identified (the natural environment and the built environment). The EFA model was able to explain 63.57% of the total cumulative variance, and the factor correlation was 0.671. The whole scale Cronbach's alpha value was 0.947, while the two constructs' Cronbach's alpha values were 0.918 (natural environment) and 0.935 (built environment). In the CFA, six pairs of error covariances were included between items within the same construct to improve the fit indices of the initial proposed measurement model. The final re-specified measurement model showed that the EDH-Q, which has two constructs and 18 items, has adequate construct validity (CFI = 0.948, TLI = 0.938, SRMR = 0.046, RMSEA = 0.052, and RMSEA p-value = 0.344). The CRs were 0.845 (natural environment) and 0.854 (built environment). The ICCs were 0.976 (natural environment) and 0.970 (built environment).
The results show that the newly created EDH-Q has sufficient construct validity and may be utilized to assess participants' perceptions of their level of EDH. Researchers should examine this instrument in populations with different age ranges and other demographic characteristics, as the present study only applied it to undergraduate students who may share similar characteristics.
健康的环境决定因素（EDH）对人们的身心健康和社会幸福感有重大影响。每个人都需要获得各种类型的环境资源，包括食物、材料和能源，以维持生存。目前，还没有有效的、可靠的工具来评估个人对 EDH 的感知水平。因此，本研究的目的是在尼日利亚的大学生中开发和验证环境决定健康问卷（EDH-Q）。
我们在尼日利亚的大学生中进行了一项横断面调查，以评估新开发的环境决定健康问卷（EDH-Q）的心理测量特性。采用便利抽样方法选择受访者，以评估他们对环境决定健康的感知。分别计算内容有效性指数（CVI）和表面有效性指数（FVI），以确定量表的内容有效性和反应过程有效性。此外，还计算了探索性因子分析（EFA）、验证性因子分析（CFA）、综合可靠性（CR）、平均方差提取（AVE）、Cronbach 的 alpha 和组内相关系数（ICC），以评估量表的结构有效性。
该研究涉及 EFA 中的 300 名受访者（男性占 55.7%，女性占 44.3%）和 CFA 中的 430 名受访者（男性占 54.0%，女性占 46.0%）。在 EFA 中，确定了两个结构（自然环境和建筑环境）。EFA 模型能够解释总累积方差的 63.57%，因子相关性为 0.671。整个量表的 Cronbach 的 alpha 值为 0.947，而两个结构的 Cronbach 的 alpha 值分别为 0.918（自然环境）和 0.935（建筑环境）。在 CFA 中，包括六个在同一结构内项目之间的误差协方差对，以提高初始提出的测量模型的拟合指数。最终重新指定的测量模型表明，EDH-Q 具有两个结构和 18 个项目，具有足够的结构有效性（CFI=0.948，TLI=0.938，SRMR=0.046，RMSEA=0.052，RMSEA p 值=0.344）。CR 分别为 0.845（自然环境）和 0.854（建筑环境）。ICC 分别为 0.976（自然环境）和 0.970（建筑环境）。
结果表明，新创建的 EDH-Q 具有足够的结构有效性，可用于评估参与者对 EDH 水平的感知。研究人员应在具有不同年龄范围和其他人口统计学特征的人群中检验该工具，因为本研究仅将其应用于可能具有相似特征的大学生。
