Kurtzke J F
Neuroepidemiology. 1985;4(1):48-58. doi: 10.1159/000110213.
The major treatable risk factors in thromboembolic stroke are hypertension and transient ischemic attacks (TIA). Two prospective hospital series of TIA provide no evidence that either medical or surgical therapy is superior to the other or to supportive treatment. However, the treated groups were not shown to be comparable. Only the joint cooperative study on extracranial arterial occlusion provided random allocation of TIA patients to surgery or no surgery. The published conclusion comparing course after discharge was that surgery was of significant benefit. However, when the groups were compared from the point of randomization and when later TIA alone were excluded, there was not even a suggestion that the surgery groups did better than the others. Sample size was such, though, that a possible reduction of stroke occurrence by one-half could not be excluded with the data at hand, leaving the ultimate decision as to the potential value of surgery in TIA to the clinician.
血栓栓塞性中风的主要可治疗风险因素是高血压和短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）。两项关于TIA的前瞻性医院系列研究均未提供证据表明药物治疗或手术治疗优于另一种治疗或支持性治疗。然而，研究并未表明治疗组具有可比性。只有关于颅外动脉闭塞的联合合作研究对TIA患者进行了随机分配，分为手术组或非手术组。已发表的关于出院后病程比较的结论是，手术具有显著益处。然而，当从随机分组的角度比较各组，且排除后来单独发生的TIA时，甚至没有迹象表明手术组比其他组表现更好。不过，样本量如此之小，以至于根据现有数据不能排除中风发生率可能降低一半的情况，这使得TIA手术潜在价值的最终决定权在临床医生手中。
