School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Int J STD AIDS. 2024 Oct;35(12):944-951. doi: 10.1177/09564624241273830. Epub 2024 Aug 13.
South Asian gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) in the United States have been persistently overlooked in HIV research and programming. To address this limitation, this article describes their HIV-related knowledge, risk perception, and minority stressors, with a focus on identifying variations between American-born individuals and immigrants.
Participants were recruited from April-July 2022 through social media advertising and peer referral and surveyed about their sociodemographic and HIV-related behavioral characteristics. Previously validated scales were used to assess their HIV-related knowledge, risk perception, disclosure of sexual identity, experienced homophobia, and perceived racism within the sexual and gender minority community. Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon tests were conducted to compare those born in the United States and those born abroad.
Of the 112 participants, 26 (23.21%) were American-born individuals and 86 (76.79%) were immigrants. Despite similar levels of sexual risk behaviors, such as having multiple male sex partners, engaging in condomless anal sex, and using alcohol or drugs immediately before or during sex, immigrants had lower levels of HIV-related knowledge ( = .0480) and risk perception ( = .0114) compared to American-born individuals. Immigrants were also less likely to have disclosed their sexual identity to family, friends, and society compared to American-born individuals ( = .0004). No differences were identified with respect to experiences of homophobia ( = .2303) or perceptions of racism ( = .4011).
Comprehensive HIV prevention efforts that address the social and cultural norms of South Asian GBM in the United States are needed.
在美国，南亚男同性恋者、双性恋者和其他与男性发生性关系的男性（GBM）在 HIV 研究和规划中一直被忽视。为了解决这一限制，本文描述了他们与 HIV 相关的知识、风险认知和少数群体压力源，重点是确定美国出生者和移民之间的差异。
参与者于 2022 年 4 月至 7 月期间通过社交媒体广告和同行推荐招募，并对其社会人口统计学和与 HIV 相关的行为特征进行了调查。使用先前经过验证的量表评估他们与 HIV 相关的知识、风险认知、性身份披露、经历的同性恋恐惧症和性少数群体社区内感知到的种族主义。进行了 Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon 检验，以比较在美国出生的人和在国外出生的人。
在 112 名参与者中，26 名（23.21%）是美国出生者，86 名（76.79%）是移民。尽管有相似水平的性行为风险，如与多个男性发生性关系、进行无保护的肛交以及在性行为前或性行为中使用酒精或毒品，但与美国出生者相比，移民的 HIV 相关知识（=.0480）和风险认知（=.0114）水平较低。与美国出生者相比，移民向家人、朋友和社会披露性身份的可能性也较低（=.0004）。在同性恋恐惧症体验（=.2303）或对种族主义的感知（=.4011）方面没有差异。
需要在美国开展全面的 HIV 预防工作，以解决南亚 GBM 的社会和文化规范。
