Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
Yi Chuan. 2024 Aug;46(8):627-639. doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.24-137.
Heterosis is the phenomenon that the hybrid offspring outperform two-parent population. Hybridisation has been widely used in plant and animal production as it effectively improves the growth and developmental performance, reproductive performance and disease resistance of the offspring. Hybridization can effectively improve the growth and development performance, reproductive performance and disease resistance of offspring, so it is widely used in animal and plant production. Researchers have used cross-breeding techniques to cultivate excellent new agricultural and animal husbandry strains and supporting lines such as super-excellent Chaoyou 1000 hybrid rice, Xiaoyan No.6 hybrid wheat, Dumeng sheep, and Shanxia black pigs. However, there are still some urgent problems in the current hybrid dominance research: the existing hybrid dominance theory can only partially explain the phenomenon of plant and animal hybrid dominance, and the theory of animal hybrid dominance is less researched, and the accuracy of the existing hybrid dominance prediction methods is limited. China is the world's largest pork production and consumption country. Heterosis can effectively improve the production performance of pigs, and its application in the pig industry has important economic and research value. However, the existing research on pig hybrid production is in its infancy and needs to be further studied. In this review, we summarize the existing heterosis theory, heterosis prediction methods, and their application in pig production, to provide a reference for the application of heterosis in pig breeding.
杂种优势是指杂种后代优于双亲种群的现象。杂种优势在动植物生产中得到了广泛应用，因为它可以有效地提高后代的生长和发育性能、繁殖性能和抗病能力。杂交可以有效地提高后代的生长和发育性能、繁殖性能和抗病能力，因此在动植物生产中得到了广泛应用。研究人员已经利用杂交技术培育出了优良的农业和畜牧业新品种和配套系，如超级优秀的杂交稻超优 1000、杂交小麦小偃 6 号、杜蒙羊和山霞黑猪。然而，当前杂种优势研究仍存在一些亟待解决的问题：现有的杂种优势理论只能部分解释动植物杂种优势的现象，动物杂种优势理论研究较少，现有的杂种优势预测方法的准确性有限。中国是世界上最大的猪肉生产和消费国。杂种优势可以有效地提高猪的生产性能，其在养猪业中的应用具有重要的经济和研究价值。然而，现有的猪杂种生产研究还处于起步阶段，需要进一步研究。在本文综述中，我们总结了现有的杂种优势理论、杂种优势预测方法及其在猪生产中的应用，为杂种优势在猪育种中的应用提供参考。
