State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Center for Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China.
Plant Physiol. 2024 Oct 1;196(2):735-744. doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiae385.
Heterosis refers to the phenomenon where the first filial offspring (F1) from genetically diverse parents displays advantages in growth rate, yield, and adaptability compared with its parents. The exploitation of heterosis in rice breeding has greatly increased the productivity, making a significant contribution to food security in the last half of the century. Conventional hybrid rice breeding highly relies on the breeder's experience on random crossing and comprehensive field selection. This process is time-consuming and labor-intensive. In recent years, rice hybrid breeding has encountered challenges stemming from limited germplasm resource, low breeding efficiency, and high uncertainty, which constrain the progress in yield increase, coupled with difficulties in balancing grain yield, quality, and resistance. Understanding the genetic basis of rice heterosis could lead to significant advancements in breeding concepts and methods. This will fully unleash the advantages of heterosis. In this review, we focus on the research progress of the genetic dissection of crop heterosis and briefly introduce some key advancements in modern intelligent breeding of rice hybrid.
杂种优势是指遗传上不同的双亲杂交产生的第一代杂种（F1）在生长速度、产量和适应性方面优于双亲的现象。在水稻育种中利用杂种优势极大地提高了生产力，对过去半个世纪的粮食安全做出了重大贡献。传统的杂交水稻育种高度依赖于育种者在随机杂交和综合田间选择方面的经验。这个过程既耗时又费力。近年来，水稻杂种优势育种面临着遗传资源有限、育种效率低、不确定性高的挑战，这限制了产量的提高，同时也难以平衡粮食产量、品质和抗性。了解水稻杂种优势的遗传基础可以在育种理念和方法上取得重大进展，从而充分发挥杂种优势的潜力。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了作物杂种优势遗传解析的研究进展，并简要介绍了水稻杂种现代智能育种的一些关键进展。
