The Impact of MRI-Based Advanced Neuroimaging on Neurooncologists' Clinical Decision-Making in Patients With Posttreatment High-Grade Glioma: A Prospective Survey-Based Study.

Advanced MRI-based neuroimaging techniques, such as perfusion and spectroscopy, have been increasingly incorporated into routine follow-up protocols in patients treated for high-grade glioma (HGG), to help differentiate tumor progression from treatment effect. However, these techniques' influence on clinical management remains poorly understood. The purpose of this article was to evaluate the impact of MRI-based advanced neuroimaging on clinical decision-making in patients with HGG after treatment. This prospective study, performed at a comprehensive cancer center from March 1, 2017, to October 31, 2020, included adult patients treated by chemoradiation for WHO grade 4 diffuse glioma who underwent MRI-based advanced neuroimaging (comprising multiple perfusion imaging sequences and spectroscopy) to further evaluate findings on conventional MRI equivocal for tumor progression versus treatment effect. The ordering neurooncologists completed surveys before and after each advanced neuroimaging session. The percent of episodes of care with a change between the intended and actual management plan on the surveys conducted before and after advanced neuroimaging, respectively, was computed and compared with a published percent using the Wald test for independent samples proportions. The study included 63 patients (mean age, 54.6 ± 12.9 [SD] years; 36 women, 27 men) who underwent 70 advanced neuroimaging sessions. Ordering neurooncologists' intended and actual management plans on the surveys completed before and after advanced neuroimaging, respectively, differed in 44% (31/70; 95% CI: 33-56%) of episodes, which differed from the published frequency of 8.5% (5/59) ( < .001). These management plan changes included selection of a different plan for six of eight episodes with an intended plan to enroll patients in a clinical trial, 12 of 19 episodes with an intended plan to change chemotherapeutic agents, four of eight episodes with an intended plan of surgical intervention, and one of two episodes with an intended plan of reirradiation. The ordering neurooncologists found advanced neuroimaging to be helpful in 93% (65/70; 95% CI: 87-99%) of episodes. Neurooncologists' management plans changed in a substantial fraction of adult patients with HGG who underwent advanced neuroimaging to further evaluate conventional MRI findings equivocal for tumor progression versus treatment effect. The findings support incorporation of advanced neuroimaging into HGG posttreatment monitoring protocols.