Jones Stephanie K, Benton Mary Lauren, Wolf Bethany J, Barth Jackson, Green ReJoyce, Dolan Sara L
Department of Public Health, Baylor University, Waco, Texas.
Department of Computer Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas.
J Adolesc Health. 2024 Dec;75(6):874-882. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.06.017. Epub 2024 Aug 13.
Prospective associations between preadolescent neurocognitive structure and onset of substance use in adolescence have not been examined. This study investigated associations between cognitive structure among youth aged 9 - 10 years and the likelihood of experimentation with tobacco and alcohol by ages 13-14 years.
A principal component (PC) analysis of nine neurocognitive assessments was used to identify the cognitive structure of unrelated adolescent brain cognitive development study participants (n = 9,655). We modeled associations between neurocognitive PCs and odds of tobacco or alcohol use by ages 13-14 years using generalized linear mixed models with a logit link and random intercept for recruitment sites. Demographics, family conflict, neighborhood safety, and externalizing and internalizing behavior were considered covariates.
Four neurocognitive PCs were identified and labeled general ability, executive function, learning and memory, and mental rotation. Mental rotation [odds ratio [OR] = 0.88, p-value = .013] was associated with lower odds of youth tobacco use; the association was stronger among female youth. General ability [OR = 1.20, p-value < .0001] among both males and females, and learning and memory [OR = 1.11, p-value = .024] among females, were associated with increased odds of youth alcohol use.
Among youth, higher neurocognitive performance was protective for tobacco use but increased the likelihood of alcohol use. Potential sex differences were identified. The role of cognition in processing the social contexts surrounding tobacco and alcohol use in the United States may contribute to the formation of disparate youth expectancies for tobacco and alcohol use.
青春期前神经认知结构与青少年物质使用开始之间的前瞻性关联尚未得到研究。本研究调查了9至10岁青少年的认知结构与13至14岁时尝试吸烟和饮酒可能性之间的关联。
对九项神经认知评估进行主成分（PC）分析，以确定无关的青少年大脑认知发展研究参与者（n = 9655）的认知结构。我们使用具有logit链接和招募地点随机截距的广义线性混合模型，对神经认知主成分与13至14岁时吸烟或饮酒几率之间的关联进行建模。人口统计学、家庭冲突、邻里安全以及外化和内化行为被视为协变量。
确定了四个神经认知主成分，并将其标记为一般能力、执行功能、学习和记忆以及心理旋转。心理旋转[优势比（OR）= 0.88，p值 = 0.013]与青少年吸烟几率较低相关；这种关联在女性青少年中更强。男性和女性的一般能力[OR = 1.20，p值 < 0.0001]以及女性的学习和记忆[OR = 1.11，p值 = 0.024]与青少年饮酒几率增加相关。
在青少年中，较高的神经认知表现对吸烟有保护作用，但增加了饮酒的可能性。确定了潜在的性别差异。认知在美国处理围绕吸烟和饮酒的社会环境中的作用可能有助于形成青少年对吸烟和饮酒的不同预期。
