Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can. 2020 Jun;40(5-6):201-210. doi: 10.24095/hpcdp.40.5/6.09.
There has been increasing attention on preventing problematic youth substance use in light of concerns about rates of use and policy changes in Canada. Strengths-based approaches that emphasize protective factors, including positive mental health, are at the forefront of current prevention recommendations. However, there is a dearth of research on the association between positive mental health and substance use among youth. This study examines the associations between cannabis and alcohol use among youth and positive mental health as measured through the lens of self-determination theory.
Secondary analyses of the 2014/2015 Canadian Student Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Survey (CSTADS) were conducted. Participating Grade 7 to 12 students residing in Canada completed the Children's Intrinsic Needs Satisfaction Scale (CINSS), which measures autonomy, competence and relatedness, and answered questions that measure past 30-day and more frequent cannabis use, alcohol use and binge-drinking. The associations between autonomy, competence and relatedness and substance use, stratified by sex, were examined using logistic regression.
Fully adjusted models revealed that relatedness and competence were associated with lower odds of 30-day and more frequent cannabis use, alcohol use and binge-drinking. Higher autonomy was associated with higher odds of these behaviours. All associations were significant with the exception of competence and more frequent cannabis use among boys, and autonomy and more frequent alcohol use among girls.
The findings offer new evidence on the associations between positive mental health and substance use among youth, specifically how autonomy, competence and relatedness are associated with cannabis use, alcohol use and binge-drinking. This evidence can be used to inform health promotion and substance use prevention programs.
鉴于加拿大对使用率和政策变化的担忧，人们越来越关注预防青少年不良的物质使用问题。目前预防建议的重点是强调保护因素（包括积极的心理健康）的优势方法。然而，关于积极心理健康与青少年物质使用之间的关联的研究还很少。本研究通过自我决定理论的视角，研究了青少年中与大麻和酒精使用相关的积极心理健康与物质使用之间的关联。
对 2014/2015 年加拿大学生烟草、酒精和毒品调查（CSTADS）进行了二次分析。居住在加拿大的 7 至 12 年级的参与学生完成了儿童内在需求满足量表（CINSS），该量表衡量自主性、能力和相关性，并回答了有关过去 30 天和更频繁的大麻使用、酒精使用和狂饮的问题。使用逻辑回归检查了自主性、能力和相关性与物质使用之间的关联，按性别分层。
完全调整的模型表明，相关性和能力与 30 天和更频繁的大麻使用、酒精使用和狂饮的几率降低有关。更高的自主性与这些行为的几率增加有关。除了男孩的更频繁的大麻使用与能力之间的关联以及女孩的更频繁的酒精使用与自主性之间的关联之外，所有关联均具有统计学意义。
这些发现为青少年中积极心理健康与物质使用之间的关联提供了新的证据，特别是自主性、能力和相关性与大麻使用、酒精使用和狂饮之间的关联。这些证据可用于为健康促进和物质使用预防计划提供信息。
