评估口吃者自我污名化及其与儿童和青少年口吃自我污名量表中不良反应的关系。
Evaluating Stuttering Self-Stigma and Its Relationship to Adverse Impact in Children and Adolescents With the Child Stuttering Self-Stigma Scale.
机构信息
Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, Michigan State University, East Lansing.
Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA.
出版信息
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2024 Sep 12;67(9):2920-2934. doi: 10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00069. Epub 2024 Aug 14.
PURPOSE
Self-stigma occurs when a person internalizes and applies stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination to themselves. For adults who stutter, self-stigma is linked to negative outcomes and reduced quality of life. The development of self-stigma in people who stutter is not well understood. The aim of this study is to evaluate stuttering self-stigma in school-age children and adolescents and explore potential relationships to stuttering's overall adverse impact.
METHOD
One hundred one children and adolescents who stutter, aged 10-18 years, completed the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering (OASES), a measure of adverse impact related to stuttering, and the Childhood Self-Stigma of Stuttering Scale (Child 4S), our novel adapted version of the Self-Stigma of Stuttering Scale (4S) created for this study. The Child 4S comprises three subscales measuring three stages of self-stigma: Awareness, Agreement, and Application. Each stage was evaluated for relationships with child age and the adverse impact of stuttering.
RESULTS
We found a range of self-stigma scores among children and adolescents who stutter. Child age did not correlate with Awareness and Agreement; however, older children and adolescents reported greater Application. All stages of self-stigma strongly predicted adverse impact as measured by the OASES, and latter stages of the model were stronger predictors than earlier stages.
CONCLUSIONS
Children as young as 10 years old may experience stuttering self-stigma, and the application of self-stigma increases in adolescence, a critical period in the development of personal identity. Importantly, all stages of self-stigma predicted adverse impact related to stuttering, with latter stages being stronger predictors than earlier ones consistent with the progressive model of self-stigma being tested. The findings highlight the need for targeted, early intervention to mitigate downstream effects of stuttering self-stigma.
SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL
目的
当一个人将刻板印象、偏见和歧视内化并应用于自身时，就会出现自我污名化。对于口吃的成年人来说，自我污名化与负面结果和生活质量下降有关。口吃者自我污名化的发展还没有得到很好的理解。本研究的目的是评估口吃儿童和青少年的口吃自我污名化，并探讨与口吃整体不良影响相关的潜在关系。
方法
101 名 10-18 岁的口吃儿童和青少年完成了口吃总体评估量表（OASES），这是一种与口吃相关的不良影响测量工具，以及口吃儿童自我污名量表（Child 4S），这是我们为这项研究专门改编的口吃自我污名量表（4S）的新版本。Child 4S 由三个子量表组成，分别衡量自我污名化的三个阶段：意识、认同和应用。每个阶段都评估了与儿童年龄和口吃不良影响的关系。
结果
我们发现口吃儿童和青少年的自我污名化程度存在差异。儿童年龄与意识和认同无关；然而，年龄较大的儿童和青少年报告了更大的应用。自我污名化的所有阶段都强烈预测了 OASES 测量的不良影响，而模型的后期阶段比早期阶段更能预测不良影响。
结论
10 岁的儿童可能会经历口吃自我污名化，而在青春期，自我污名化的应用会增加，这是个人身份发展的关键时期。重要的是，自我污名化的所有阶段都预测了与口吃相关的不良影响，而后期阶段比早期阶段更能预测，这与正在测试的自我污名化的渐进模型一致。研究结果强调需要有针对性的早期干预，以减轻口吃自我污名化的下游影响。
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