Mahavir Cancer Sansthan & Research Centre, Patna, Bihar, India; Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India.
Mahavir Cancer Sansthan & Research Centre, Patna, Bihar, India.
Chemosphere. 2024 Sep;364:143064. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143064. Epub 2024 Aug 12.
Lead poisoning in the recent times has caused serious health threats in the exposed human population. It is estimated that about 815 million people are exposed to lead poisoning worldwide and in India total 275 million children are exposed to blood lead contamination. The present study was carried outed in 6 districts of Bihar to know the extent of lead exposure in the children through their mother's breastmilk. The biological samples such as breastmilk, mother's urine, child's urine, and mother's blood samples were collected for quantitative lead estimation. Moreover, the selected household water sources (handpump) and the food consumed by the individuals-wheat, rice and potato samples were also collected for lead quantification. The study reveals that the breastmilk had high lead content in 92% of the samples (highest value 1309 μg/L), in blood presence of lead was observed in 87% studied samples (highest value 677.2 μg/L). In mother's urine the highest lead value was 4168 μg/L (62%) and in child's urine the highest value was 875.4 μg/L (62%) respectively of the studied samples. Moreover, in the studied food samples, wheat had lead content in 45% the studied samples (highest value 7910 μg/kg). In rice in 40% of the studied samples (highest value 6972 μg/kg) and in potato 90% of the studied samples (highest value = 13786 μg/kg) were found with elevated lead content respectively. The hazard quotient (HQ) and the cancer risk (CR) for lead contamination was very much higher in mothers followed by their children. The entire study indicated that lead exposure through food (wheat, rice and potato) has reached the mother's breastmilk and from their it has reached their child's body. This could cause serious hazards in the exposed children causing serious neurological damages, low IQ, low memory, and low mental growth in them. Therefore, a strategic action is required to control the present problem.
近年来，铅中毒对暴露人群的健康造成了严重威胁。据估计，全世界约有 8.15 亿人受到铅中毒的影响，而在印度，共有 2.75 亿儿童受到血铅污染的影响。本研究在比哈尔邦的 6 个地区进行，通过母亲的母乳了解儿童的铅暴露程度。采集了生物样本，如母乳、母亲尿液、儿童尿液和母亲血液样本，用于定量铅估计。此外，还采集了选定的家庭水源（手压泵）和个人食用的食物（小麦、大米和土豆）样本进行铅定量。研究表明，92%的母乳样本中含有高浓度的铅（最高值为 1309μg/L），在 87%的研究样本中发现了血液中的铅（最高值为 677.2μg/L）。母亲尿液中最高的铅含量为 4168μg/L（62%），儿童尿液中最高的铅含量为 875.4μg/L（62%），分别占研究样本的 62%。此外，在所研究的食物样本中，小麦中有 45%的研究样本含有铅（最高值为 7910μg/kg）。在大米中，40%的研究样本（最高值为 6972μg/kg）和土豆中，90%的研究样本（最高值为 13786μg/kg）的铅含量升高。母亲及其子女的铅污染危害系数（HQ）和癌症风险（CR）非常高。整个研究表明，通过食物（小麦、大米和土豆）摄入的铅已进入母亲的母乳，并从母乳进入到其子女体内。这可能会对暴露的儿童造成严重危害，导致严重的神经损伤、智商低下、记忆力减退和精神发育迟缓。因此，需要采取战略行动来控制当前的问题。
