Liu Yongqing, Wang Gaifang, Wang Rui, Zhang Xia, Feng Caiping, He Ying, Chu Panpan
Department of Biology and Food Engineering, Lyuliang University, Lüliang, China.
Front Vet Sci. 2024 Jul 31;11:1442244. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1442244. eCollection 2024.
Fermented jujube powder (FJP) promotes a balance between the intestinal microflora and immune factors in animals. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of FJP on the production performance, nutrient digestion, rumen fermentation, and antioxidant properties of bulls.
Forty Simmental bulls were randomly divided into four groups based on body weight and fed a basal diet with [5, 7.5, or 10% dry matter (DM)] or without FJP. The experimental period was 20 d for adaptation and 60 d for the feeding trial.
Dietary FJP supplementation did not affect DM intake ( > 0.05) but increased the average daily gain quadratically ( = 0.049) and decreased the feed conversion ratio linearly ( = 0.042). FJP quadratically enhanced DM and crude protein digestibility ( = 0.026 and = 0.041, respectively) and linearly enhanced acid detergent fiber digestibility ( = 0.048). It also increased the total volatile fatty acid concentration quadratically ( = 0.037), acetate molar percentage, and acetate-to-propionate ratio linearly ( = 0.002 and 0.001), and reduced the ammonia nitrogen concentration linearly ( = 0.003). Additionally, xylanase and protease activities and abundance increased linearly ( = 0.006, 0.018, and 0.009, respectively), and total bacteria, , and abundance increased quadratically ( = 0.047, 0.011, and 0.021, respectively). FJP linearly increased serum total protein concentration and antioxidant capacity ( = 0.003 and 0.018, respectively) and decreased malonaldehyde content ( = 0.006).
FJP supplementation (7.5%) enhanced production performance, nutrient digestion, rumen fermentation, and serum antioxidant capacity in bulls. The improved nutrient digestion may be due to an increase in ruminal microorganisms and total volatile fatty acids from the FJP. High blood antioxidant levels indicate that FJP may preserve proteins, thereby boosting the production performance of bulls.
发酵枣粉（FJP）可促进动物肠道微生物群与免疫因子之间的平衡。在本研究中，我们旨在研究FJP对公牛生产性能、养分消化、瘤胃发酵和抗氧化特性的影响。
40头西门塔尔公牛根据体重随机分为四组，分别饲喂含[5%、7.5%或10%干物质（DM）]或不含FJP的基础日粮。试验期为20天适应期和60天饲养试验期。
日粮中添加FJP对干物质摄入量无影响（P>0.05），但使平均日增重呈二次曲线增加（P = 0.049），饲料转化率呈线性下降（P = 0.042）。FJP使干物质和粗蛋白消化率呈二次曲线提高（分别为P = 0.026和P = 0.041），酸性洗涤纤维消化率呈线性提高（P = 0.048）。它还使总挥发性脂肪酸浓度呈二次曲线增加（P = 0.037），乙酸摩尔百分比和乙酸与丙酸比例呈线性增加（分别为P = 0.002和P = 0.001），并使氨氮浓度呈线性降低（P = 0.003）。此外，木聚糖酶和蛋白酶活性以及[具体微生物名称]丰度呈线性增加（分别为P = 0.006、P = 0.018和P = 0.009），总细菌、[具体微生物名称]和[具体微生物名称]丰度呈二次曲线增加（分别为P = 0.047、P = 0.011和P = 0.021）。FJP使血清总蛋白浓度和抗氧化能力呈线性增加（分别为P = 0.003和P = 0.018），并使丙二醛含量降低（P = 0.006）。
添加7.5%的FJP可提高公牛的生产性能、养分消化、瘤胃发酵和血清抗氧化能力。养分消化的改善可能归因于FJP使瘤胃微生物和总挥发性脂肪酸增加。血液中高抗氧化水平表明FJP可能保护蛋白质，从而提高公牛的生产性能。
