Zhang Yu, He Tingting, Hu Yu, Gao Chenlin
Graduate School, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2024 Aug 9;17:2997-3007. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S467719. eCollection 2024.
This manuscript performed a meta-analysis to compare the effects of a low-fat diet (LFD) and a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) on body weight and lipid levels in adolescents with overweight and obesity.
PubMed and other databases were searched for the full-text literature comparing LFD and LCD up to November 2023 using a subject plus free word strategy, with search terms such as "low-fat diet", "low-carbohydrate diet", "obesity", "weight", "adolescents", "RCT", and so on. Two independent reviewers selected promising candidate trials, collected the data, and assessed the quality of the trials. RevMan 5.3 software was utilized to conduct a meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that were included.
5 RCTs with 192 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Weight (mean difference -2.81; 95% CI -5.38 to -0.25), Body Mass Index (BMI) (-1.13; 95% CI -2.14 to -0.11) and Triglyceride (TG) (-0.36; 95% CI -0.46 to -0.27) of the LCD were significantly lower than that of the LFD. At the same time, the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) levels of the LCD were significantly higher than those of the LFD (0.08; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.12) (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), percent body fat, total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) between the two groups (P>0.05).
According to this study, LCD is more helpful in improving weight loss, HDL and TG. Thus, LCD may serve as an effective intervention for weight management in adolescents with overweight and obesity, although further research is needed to determine its long-term effects.
本研究进行了一项荟萃分析，以比较低脂饮食（LFD）和低碳水化合物饮食（LCD）对超重和肥胖青少年体重及血脂水平的影响。
采用主题词加自由词策略，在PubMed及其他数据库中检索截至2023年11月比较LFD和LCD的全文文献，检索词包括“低脂饮食”“低碳水化合物饮食”“肥胖”“体重”“青少年”“随机对照试验”等。两名独立评审员筛选有前景的候选试验，收集数据并评估试验质量。使用RevMan 5.3软件对纳入的随机对照试验（RCT）进行荟萃分析。
本荟萃分析纳入了5项随机对照试验，共192名参与者。LCD组的体重（平均差值 -2.81；95%置信区间 -5.38至 -0.25）、体重指数（BMI）（-1.13；95%置信区间 -2.14至 -0.11）和甘油三酯（TG）（-0.36；95%置信区间 -0.46至 -0.27）显著低于LFD组。同时，LCD组的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL）水平显著高于LFD组（0.08；95%置信区间 0.04至0.12）（P<0.05）。然而，两组之间的胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估（HOMA-IR）、体脂百分比、总胆固醇（TC）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL）无显著差异（P>0.05）。
根据本研究，LCD在改善体重减轻、HDL和TG方面更有帮助。因此，LCD可能是超重和肥胖青少年体重管理的有效干预措施，尽管需要进一步研究以确定其长期效果。
