基于 siRNA 的纳米医学在肿瘤治疗中的进展。
The advancement of siRNA-based nanomedicine for tumor therapy.
机构信息
Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China.
出版信息
Nanomedicine (Lond). 2024;19(21-22):1841-1862. doi: 10.1080/17435889.2024.2377062. Epub 2024 Aug 15.
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has been proved to be able to effectively down-regulate gene expression through the RNAi mechanism. Thus, siRNA-based drugs have become one of the hottest research directions due to their high efficiency and specificity. However, challenges such as instability, off-target effects and immune activation hinder their clinical application. This review explores the mechanisms of siRNA and the challenges in siRNA-based tumor therapy. It highlights the use of various nanomaterials - including lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles and inorganic nanoparticles - as carriers for siRNA delivery in different therapeutic modalities. The application strategies of siRNA-based nanomedicine in chemotherapy, phototherapy and immunotherapy are discussed in detail, along with recent clinical advancements. Aiming to provide insights for future research and therapeutic approaches.
小干扰 RNA（siRNA）已被证明能够通过 RNAi 机制有效下调基因表达。因此，基于 siRNA 的药物因其高效性和特异性而成为最热门的研究方向之一。然而，siRNA 稳定性差、脱靶效应和免疫激活等挑战阻碍了其临床应用。本综述探讨了 siRNA 的作用机制以及基于 siRNA 的肿瘤治疗所面临的挑战。重点介绍了各种纳米材料（包括脂质纳米粒、聚合物纳米粒和无机纳米粒）作为 siRNA 载体在不同治疗方式中的应用。详细讨论了基于 siRNA 的纳米药物在化学治疗、光疗和免疫治疗中的应用策略，以及最近的临床进展。旨在为未来的研究和治疗方法提供思路。
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