Persin Michael J, Payen Ameanté, Bateman James R, Alessi Maria G, Price Brittany C, Bennett Jeanette M
Department of Psychological Science, UNC Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, 4018 Colvard, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA.
Health Psychology PhD Program, UNC Charlotte, Charlotte, USA.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2024 Aug 15. doi: 10.1007/s40615-024-02121-x.
Cognitive deficits, a diagnostic criterion for depressive disorders, may precede or follow the development of depressive symptoms and major depressive disorder. However, an individual can report an increase in depressive symptoms without any change in cognitive functioning. While ethnoracial minority group differences exist, little is known to date about how the relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive function may differ by ethnoracial minority status. Utilizing data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study waves II (M2) and III (M3), this study examines the relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive functioning concurrently and longitudinally in community-dwelling adults, as well as whether the results differed by ethnoracial minority status. Our participants included 910 adults (43.8% male, 80.8% White, 54.4 ± 11.5 years old at M2). Cross-sectionally, depressive symptoms, ethnoracial minority status, and their interaction had significant effects on cognitive function, consistent with previous investigations. Longitudinally, higher M2 depressive symptoms predicted poorer cognitive function at M3 over and above M2 cognitive functioning, but only within the ethnoracial minority sample. Our finding suggests that depressive symptoms predict cognitive functioning both concurrently and across time, and this relationship is moderated by ethnoracial identity, resulting in greater cognitive deficits among ethnoracial minority groups compared to their non-Hispanic White counterparts.
认知缺陷是抑郁症的一项诊断标准，可能先于或后于抑郁症状及重度抑郁症的出现。然而，个体可能报告抑郁症状增加，而认知功能却没有任何变化。尽管存在种族少数群体差异，但迄今为止，对于抑郁症状与认知功能之间的关系如何因种族少数群体身份而有所不同，我们知之甚少。本研究利用美国中年（MIDUS）研究第二波（M2）和第三波（M3）的数据，考察了社区居住成年人中抑郁症状与认知功能之间的同时性和纵向关系，以及结果是否因种族少数群体身份而异。我们的参与者包括910名成年人（男性占43.8%，白人占80.8%，M2时年龄为54.4±11.5岁）。横断面研究表明，抑郁症状、种族少数群体身份及其相互作用对认知功能有显著影响，这与之前的研究一致。纵向研究发现，较高的M2抑郁症状预示着M3时的认知功能比M2时更差，但仅在种族少数群体样本中如此。我们的研究结果表明，抑郁症状在同时期和跨时间上都能预测认知功能，而且这种关系受种族身份的调节，导致种族少数群体比非西班牙裔白人对应群体存在更大的认知缺陷。
